The hip joint normally operates as a "ball-and-socket" joint. The femoral head and acetabulum articulate, allowing smooth range of motion in multiple planes. Any condition that impacts any one of these structures can cause the joint to detoriate. This can result in deformity, discomfort, and functional loss. In primary causes Osteoarthritis is the most typical ailment affecting the hip joint along with idiopathic osteonecrosis alcohol-induced secondary osteonecrosis, Trauma, developmental dysplasia and inflammatory arthritis (including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Spondyloarthropathies, etc.) are the other some causes.

Total hip arthroplasty is a procedure that replaces the hip joint to reduce pain and enhance joint function as well prosthetic articular surfaces replaces the damaged ones.A femoral stem is used to replace the resected femoral head during total hip arthroplasty, Which also involves replacing the acetabulum’s articulating surface with an implant Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) also referred to as bone cement that can be used to affix the acetabular and femoral component to the bone, as well the Age and sex of the patient should be focused during surgery. 

Uncemented implants work well for younger patients, whereas cemented implants work better for older patients, especially elderly women. 

The total hip replacement procedure was invented by Sir John Charnley. Since then, total hip arthroplasty has shown to be a highly rewarding treatment with positive outcomes throughout the past 40 years. 

Therefore, if the operation is done appropriately, then each patient will observe a better quality of life as well as functional improvement and it is a great way to improve mobility and lessen discomfort. 

In India, 40,000 total hip arthroplasties are being performed each year. The success rate for this surgery has drastically increased with 90-95% of hip replacement surgeries succeed 10 years following surgery, and 80-85% succeed 20 years.