Fistula-in-ano is a tract lined by granulation tissue which connects perianal skin superficially to anal canal; anorectum or rectum deeply. It usually occurs in a pre-existing anorectal abscess which burst spontaneously. Fistula-in-ano can be Cryptoglandular (90%) and Non cryptoglandular (10%).Fistula-in-ano according to park’s classification; Intersphincteric, Transphincteric, Suprasphincteric, Extrasphincteric. It is having clinical features like one or more external openings may be present with induration of the surrounding skin, seropurulent discharge and pain.¹

In modern surgical treatment of Fistula in ano are Fistulotomy, Fistulectomy, Gluing of the Fistula tract, Anal Fistula Plug (AFP), Advancement flaps, LIFT technique, VAAFT procedure and Seton technique.²

Fistula in ano has been a troublesome disease to both patient and Physician to cure because of its recurrence rate. Fistula in Ano at modern parlance is a common anorectal condition prevalent in the populations worldwide. The overall incidence is about 9 cases per 100,000 population per year and those in their third, fourth and fifth decades of life are most commonly affected³. And is more common in young adult males than females with the ratio of 2:1 respectively.⁴

Bhagandara is a disease which causes tear or discontinuity in the region of Bhaga, Guda and Basti. According to Acharya Sushrutha, Bhagandara is a condition which is developed from bursting of painful and suppurated Pidika. He clearly differentiated the Bhagandara Pidika with other Pidika stating that if the Pidika is within two fingers area of Guda (anus), deep rooted, with pain and fever, it should be considered as Bhagandara Pidika.⁵Bhagandara (fistula-in-ano) is one among the most common anorectal disease.

It can be correlated with fistula-in-ano because of its similar clinical features. Five types of Bhagandara have been described as Shataponaka (Vataja), Ushtragreeva (Pittaja), Parisravi (Kaphaja), Shambhukavarta (Tridoshaja), Unmargi (agantuja).⁶Anorectal diseases like Bhagandara (fistula in ano) is said callous to be cured and Acharya Sushrutha had have considered Bhagandara one among the Ashta Mahagadas (eight grave disorders). Bhagandara is one of the oldest disease in Medical Science to be known.⁷

In modern world the medical science is so advanced in all aspects of treatments and surgical procedures but still the treatment for the fistula-in-ano is not yielding satisfactory results because of its high reccurrence rate. Kshara Sutra is one of the chief modalities in the treatment of Bhagandara in Ayurvedic science.⁸Exploration of the new plants for the preparation of Kshara as a better substitute to Apamarga Kshara is the need of the hour as it is available in the beginning of the year but Chitraka is available throughout the year. The idea came in mind to include Chitraka Kshara in place of Apamarga Kshara in making kshara sutra. To find out an effective alternative to Apamarga kshara sutra⁹ in view of easy availability throughout the year and attempt will be made to check the early healing of fistulous tract, an Arka ksheera based Chitraka kshara sutra¹⁰ over Apamarga kshara sutra were opted for their clinical evaluation.