Endo-tracheal intubation is the gold standard and safest method for protecting the airway, delivering anesthetic gases and ensuring protection against aspiration. Stress response during laryngoscopy and intubation leads to hemodynamic changes like hypertension and ischemic heart disease. The unavoidable effects of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation include dysrhythmia, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, infarction, hypoxia, hypercapnia and increased intracranial pressure and increased intraocular pressure.

There is no ideal induction agent in term of providing a stable hemodynamics during endotracheal intubation. Also, there are very few published studies in the literature that have compared the physiological effect of combination of induction agents during laryngoscopy and intubation.

Propofol is one the commonly used drug for induction of general anesthesia. This is a short acting intravenous anesthetic agent. Unwanted complication associated with this drug is hemodynamic instability and cardiovascular complications. Propofol can lead to bradycardia by increasing the production and release of nitrous oxide. It also causes pain at injection site.

Etomidate is a hypnotic agent which is cardio-stable with no release of histamine. It is short acting drug, used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. The most important side effects of etomidate are burning sensation at injection site, myoclonic movements, nausea and vomiting. Induction of anesthesia by Etomidate would lead to a stable hemodynamic condition while performing laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.

Very few studies regarding combination of propofol and etomidate focused on hemodynamic changes during anesthesia induction and intubation are available. This study is planned to evaluate and compare the effects of etomidate, propofol and combination of etomidate and propofol on hemodynamic parameters during induction, laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.