All patients satisfying the inclusion criteria during the study period will be enrolled in the study after obtaining   written informed consent. A routine clinical examination will be done and all the baseline characteristics will be recorded.  Blood investigations like CBC, LFT, and KFT, baseline ECG will be done along with coagulation parameters like PT/PTT/INR and viral markers for HIV, Hep-B and Hep-C.    Data will be collected according to a predesigned   proforma. Flexible bronchoscopy   will be performed in the bronchoscopy suite by two experienced bronchoscopists, one will be the lead bronchoscopist and other will be assisting bronchoscopist. It will be performed via either the oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal route under conscious sedation and local anaesthesia. Patient will be sedated with intravenous injection of midazolam and fentanyl. Pharyngeal anaesthesia with 10% lidocaine spray will be applied before bronchoscopy. 2% lidocaine solution will be instilled through the bronchoscope using spray-as-you go technique to the trachea and main airways for local anaesthesia.   Blood pressure, heart rate, SPO2, electrocardiogram, and consciousness level will be continuously monitored during the procedure. Bronchoscopy shall be performed using Olympus (BF 1TH 190 or BF 1T150) bronchoscope. Through the working channel of the bronchoscope, 500 mg TXA (500 mg/5 mL given in 5 ml of saline, or cold saline (4°C, 10 ml of 0.9% NaCl) would be instilled as per the randomization sequence in the target lobar bronchus or endobronchial lesion. After 2–3 min, forceps biopsy specimens will be obtained with the aim of a minimum of four biopsies. We will use dedicated biopsy forceps   for EBB and TBLB. Bleeding severity shall be graded by the assisting bronchoscopist, who will be blinded for prophylactic agent. Assisting bronchoscopist will be asked to come inside the bronchoscopy suite only after 2-3 minutes of instillation of prophylactic agent. Suctioning will be performed using a wall-mounted suction system. Need for bleeding control measures (i.e. cold saline, topical adrenaline or wedge tamponade) will be recorded for all procedures. Patient will be observed in a recovery area for at least 2 hours after bronchoscopy, routine chest X-ray will be performed before discharge, in cases of transbronchial lung biopsy or as per clinical indication. Follow-up telephone calls and medical record reviews will be performed at 1 month to detect any adverse events such as myocardial infarction, stroke, seizures, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism.

 The bleeding severity will be graded by the bronchoscopist using visual analog scale (VAS; 1 - very mild, 10 – very severe). and BTS classification of bleeding severity.