This was a double-blinded, randomized, controlled study, conducted in adult, ASA 1 and 2 patients, undergoing elective surgical procedures. 120 patients, satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were randomly allocated into two groups, propofol-ketamine (PK) and propofol-fentanyl (PF), each group consisting of 60 patients, by sealed envelope technique. The study was designed to compare the hemodynamic responses to induction & insertion of LMA and the insertion conditions between propofol- ketamine and propofol- fentanyl combinations.

            All patients received 0.3mg Glycopyrrolate, intramuscular, half an hour before the procedure.  In the operating room, after recording the baseline parameters- oxygen saturation (SpO₂), Mean Blood Pressure (BP), Pulse Rate (PR) and End Tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO₂), 1µg/ kg Fentanyl to the PF group & 0.5 mg/kg Ketamine to the PK group was given intravenously. Induction of anesthesia was initiated with 1% Propofol @ 1mg/ kg/ min with a syringe pump, till the patient tolerated a full jaw thrust, which was considered as the end point for LMA insertion. On reaching the end point, LMA insertion was attempted through the classical approach, as described by Brain. Proper position of LMA was ascertained by the ability to easily ventilate the lungs (assessed by chest movement), without any significant resistance or leak and no significant resistance to expiration with rapid refilling of the reservoir bag. A capnograph was also used to assess adequacy of ventilation.