Successful anaesthesia is the hallmark of painless endodontic treatment. Pulpal anaesthesia commences with the administration of traditional nerve blocks or infiltration anaesthesia. 

Conventionally it was thought that the Inferior alveolar nerve bock (IANB) is the local anaesthesia technique of choice over when treating mandibular primary or permanent molars for endodontic treatment. The primary advantage of this block is the depth of anaesthesia⁶. All the molars, canines and incisors on the injected side are anesthetized and hence allows for treatment of   multiple teeth of the same quadrant at one appointment . 2 % lignocaine is considered as the gold standard among local anaesthetic agents

Unfortunately, IANB is associated with several complications such as transient facial paralysis, trismus, local anaesthetic getting injected into the blood vessel and prolonged soft tissue anaesthesia which results in self-inflicted trauma such as biting of lip and cheek specially in paediatric population.

Buccal infiltration (BI) has been suggested as a simpler modality than IANB and is being widely advocated in recent studies. Due to low penetration of lidocaine through the buccal cortical plate, BI using lidocaine is not as effective as IANB for achieving profound anaesthesia in mandibular primary molars. 4 percent Articaine for BI in mandibular primary molar, has increased lipid solubility and high tissue permeability  enables it to diffuse through the mandibular dense cortical bone as well as maxillary cortical plates ⁽¹¹⁾

 Hence the present study aims to compare the anaesthetic efficacy of 4 % articaine buccal infiltration versus 2% lignocaine inferior alveolar nerve block in lower primary molars indicated for endodontic treatment