TITLE OF STUDY
A study to compare
the effect of handgrip strengthening exercise on blood pressure and resting
heart rate between normotensive and hypertensive patients – A comparative
interventional study.
INTRODUCTION
Hypertension, also known as high or raised blood pressure, is a
condition in which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure. Blood
is carried from the heart to all parts of the body in the vessels. Each time
the heart beats, it pumps blood into the vessels. Blood pressure is created by
the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels (arteries) as it
is pumped by the heart. The higher the pressure, the harder the heart has to
pump. (According to WHO)
High blood pressure (BP) is ranked as the third
most important risk factor for attributable burden of disease in south Asia.
Hypertension exerts a substantial public health burden on cardiovascular health
status and healthcare systems in India. Hypertension is directly responsible
for 57% of all stroke deaths and 24% of all coronary heart disease deaths in
India. The WHO rates Hypertension as one of the most important causes of
premature death worldwide. one-third of urban adult Indians and close to one
fourth of rural adult Indians are hypertensive.1
An early and a regular screening to detect underlying hypertension
is necessary to prevent any future complications. Prevalence of hypertension is
increasing rapidly among Indians. Rapid urbanization, sedentary life style,
junk food and stress are the powerful environmental risk factors for increasing
prevalence of hypertension, especially in younger age group. Hypertension is a
major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases like myocardial infarction,
stroke. Hypertension is a controllable disease, early diagnosis and control can
prevent 300,000 of 1.5 million deaths from cardiovascular diseases in India.
Lifestyle modifications like increased physical activity, salt restriction and
weight reduction are effective for prevention and treatment of hypertension.
Exercise being the integral component of therapy. Regular exercise has been
shown to be effective in reducing the risks of hypertension. It is an important
intervention to prevent and treat hypertension.2
Hypertension is a serious medical condition. It markedly increases the
risk of cardiovascular diseases and overall mortality. Lifestyle modifications,
such as increased levels of physical activity, are recommended as the first
line of anti-hypertensive treatment.
NEED OF THE STUDY
â— Some evidence indicates that greater handgrip strength
is associated with lower BP.4 In contrast, in the oldest old
persons, higher BP was found to be associated with greater handgrip strength.6
â— Also jogging, running and other outdoor physical
exercise reduces blood pressure. But there is no evidence suggestive of
correlation between handgrip strengthening exercises and blood pressure.
â— so, need of the
study is to compare the effect of handgrip strengthening exercise on blood
pressure between normotensive and hypertensive patients.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
AIM OF THE STUDY
A Study to compare the effectiveness of handgrip
strengthening exercise on blood pressure, resting heart rate in normotensive
and hypertension patients.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
·
To
find out the effect of hand grip strengthening exercise on blood pressure,
resting HR in normotensive patients.
·
To
find out the effect of hand grip strengthening exercise on blood pressure,
resting HR in patient with essential hypertension.
· To
compare the effect of handgrip strengthening exercise on blood pressure, resting
HR between normotensive and hypertensive patients.
HYPOTHESIS
Null
hypothesis:
·
There
is no significant effect of hand grip strengthening exercise on blood pressure
and resting HR in normotensive and hypertensive patients.
Alternative hypothesis:
·
There
is significant effect of hand grip strengthening exercise on blood pressure and
resting HR in normotensive and hypertensive patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
STUDY DESIGN: A comparative - interventional study
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
·
AGE:
45-60 Years
·
Both
male and female
·
BMI:
18.5 - 25 Kg/m2
·
normotensive
individual and patients who are having essential hypertension.
·
Individual
who are willing to participate in the study
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
·
Subject
with known case of any neurological condition
·
Subject
with known case of any other cardio vascular conditions
·
Subject
with any history of upper limb fracture or cervical radiculopathy or other
musculoskeletal disorders.
·
Minimetal
scale less than 24 will be excluded.
·
Athletes
·
Those
who are performing regular physical exercise
·
Smokers
and alcohol drinker
Materials
1.
hand
dynamometer
2.
Mercury
Sphygmomanometer
3.
stethoscope
4.
Stop
watch
5.
Pen
6.
Assessment
form
7.
Consent
form
8.
Paper
9.
Plinth
METHODOLOGY:
·
Subject will be selected according
inclusion and exclusion criteria.
·
Sample size will be calculated from
prevalence rate or from previous study has been done on hypertension.
·
The purpose of the study was explained to
the subjects and a written informed consent was obtained. Total 50 healthy
normotensive and 50 patients with essential hypertension will be chosen as
subjects and their baseline blood pressure and resting HR will be recorded. The
subjects are asked to perform the handgrip exercise of for 10 minutes for 3
weeks. after the exercise, the blood pressure will be recorded from the
exercising arm. The blood pressure will be recorded again 3 minutes after the
exercise.
·
Cardiovascular parameters like systolic
blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate Will be measured before
the exercise after the exercise. handgrip strength will be measured by Jamar
hand dynamometer before and after the exercise. SBP, DBP and HR will be
recorded at the 1st day of exercise and after 1st week, after 2nd
week and 3rd week of exercise.
OUTCOME MEASURE:
Following data will be
measure pre and post exercise.
·
Systolic
blood pressure
·
Diastolic
blood pressure
·
Resting
heart rate
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