In Dentistry, it is always a primary concern to preserve the dentition. But when the pulp is necrotic or damaged, we try to restore it by artificial restorative materials. The endodontic procedures have some major limitations in the tooth such as – Discoloration, Prone to fracture, devitalization of tooth. Overtime, these filling materials cause severe destruction to the tooth structure and its longevity is severely compromised. Therefore, we need to use natural method instead of artificial ones to maintain the vitality of tooth. So, after the introduction of calcium silicate materials and tissue regeneration based approaches, we are looking forward to use these biological resources to preserve the tooth.

Pulp regeneration treatment has gained popularity in the recent years. Firstly, it was performed by Nygaard-Ostby in 1961. As per the American Association of Endodontists (AAE), the major aim of revascularization procedure is to eliminate the symptoms and encourage the natural healing of the tooth. The regenerative treatment can be done both in teeth with mature roots (closed apices) and immature roots (open apices). Usually, when the immature permanent teeth undergo any trauma or infection, it is conventionally treated by apexification or revascularization. Apexification is a procedure to induce a calcific barrier at the root apex. There are many drawbacks of apexification which include: long and multiple treatment sessions, stunted root development, unfavorable crown-root ratio, thinning of root canal walls which leads to brittle tooth structure and prone to fracture after post-endodontic restoration.

On the other hand, revascularization procedure/pulp dentin regenerative therapy promotes the natural development of continuous root formation and thickening of root canal walls as well as the apical closure. Thereby, eliminating the risk of root fracture. Revascularization treatment yields better results in case of pulpal necrosis due to traumatic injuries as compare to other etiological factors due to absence of bacteria associated with caries. There are mainly three key factors for the success of tissue regeneration, which involves namely, (a) Adult stem cells – have the capacity to form hard tissue (b) Signaling molecules cause cellular stimulation, proliferation and differentiation (c) A three dimensional (3-D) physical scaffold for viable growth and differentiation on the cellular level in regenerative endodontic procedures. 

                                                                                                                                                                                      Young tissue may react differently to regenerative treatment before and after the root formation in non-vital incisors with etiologic of trauma. It may be due to the difference in size of apical foramen, stage of maturogenesis at the time of trauma difference in type of pulp developing structure and its microanatomy. So, the present study is planned to know the effect of regenerative endodontic treatment in management of traumatized, non-vital, immature versus mature permanent incisors.