As professionals, orthodontists aim to deliver a quality outcome for their patients. Not surprisingly, there is a demand by the public for shorter treatment times. Traditionally, orthodontic treatment involves 2 or more years in fixed appliances but with the advent of new technology and researches it has been reported to shorten to less than 2 years . This has been done to cater to the demands of the patients in these changing times for which various surgical and non-surgical treatment options have been opted for by the orthodontists. In order to enhance the orthodontic tooth movement, even mechanical vibrations have been used but, the paucity of clinical research evaluating their efficacy is of low quality . It has been widely known that treatment involving premolar extractions take a much longer time period as compared to the non-extraction cases . In such cases if it were possible to accelerate tooth movement to shorten the treatment time with a non-invasive procedure, this would result in a desirable outcome. Treatment time depends on the rate of tooth movement, which in turn depends on the rate of alveolar re- modeling .

Therefore, it may be possible to increase the rate of tooth movement by accelerating the biologic response of PDL and alveolar bone . Although the exact mechanism of alveolar remodeling is not completely understood, there are 2 main hypotheses: (a) piezoelectricity generated within the alveolar bone, and (b) pressure-tension within the periodontal ligament.

Periodontal ligament cells play a major role in initiation of the remodeling process during orthodontic tooth movement . Compression of PDL is a prerequisite for tooth movement. The balance between RANKL and OPG in PDL cells regulates bone remodeling during tooth movement . Compressive force up regulates RANKL via a PGE2-dependent mechanism in PDL cells . PGE2 is anti -inflammatory mediator produced by PDL cells in response to mechanical stress that acts in autocrine and paracrine manners to stimulate RANKL expression and promote bone resorption . In addition, the direct action of prostaglandins on an increasing of osteoclast function and bone resorption has been reported .

Orthodontic tooth movement also causes root resorption . Studies have shown that these side effects are related mainly to the treatment time, so acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement thus shortening the treatment time. Vibration, being a completely non-invasive procedure has gained a lot of attention in is an effective solution the recent years although not well used. Currently, the optimal frequency and intensity of the vibration load are not well studied but it is believed that they are related to the tooth- periodontal ligament bone complex. The optimal frequency may be related to the natural frequency of the tooth –periodontal ligament bone complex .

Through this study, the principal investigator would like to compare 2 different frequencies and determine that frequency which helps in accelerating the orthodontic treatment. Doing a molecular analysis and checking the RANKL/OPG ratios will confirm the same.