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Global community is facing an
unprecedented pandemic of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV- 2). The pandemic is continuing to spread and the need of a clinically-proven prophylaxis and
therapeutic strategy is evident . The
dimensions of pandemic require an urgent harnessing of all knowledge systems
available globally.
Ayurveda has enough potential and
possibilities to be employed both for prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Therefore , there is an urgent need to understand the pathophysiology of the
morbidity so that an effective management can be planned accordingly . Another substantial question is “ why some
patients with the virus do very well whereas others need to be admitted to
intensive care and may die from the disease.â€[1]
Why does the response to the same
etiological factor ; vary from individual to individual?
Along with that severity of disease
is closely related to the prognosis, the basic and essential strategies to
improve outcomes that we should adhere to remain the early detection of
high-risk and critically ill patients. Probing into such questions can redefine
the pathogenesis of the morbidity through a new dimension .
1.2 Relevance of the work
This observational study is an attempt to trace the pathological
models of COVID 19 framed on the principles of Ayurveda. The frameworks
play an instrumental role in the
progression and manifestation of the disease. In this particular study , the
researchers will be focussing on two basic models which are as follows :
1)
Shat - kriya
kala
2) Vikar vighata - bhava ; abhava ( Nidana ,
dosha , dushya paradigm )
1) Pathological model 1 - Shat kriya kala
The term Kriyakala refers to the recognition of the stage of a disease progress, which helps to determine appropriate
measures to correct the imbalance in Doshas
. It is defined as a compound
expression, composed of Kriya and Kala, where Kriya means the intervention of choice and kala refers to the stage of progress of a disease. [2]
2) Pathological model 2 - Vikar
vighata - bhava ; abhava ( Nidana , dosha , dushya paradigm )
“Diagnosis†in Ayurveda is in terms of the nature or the phenomenon of the
disease. This phenomenon is described in terms of the Samprapti (pathogenesis) of the disease in each patient, comprising
Dosha, Dushya and Adhisthana components .[3] The specific
interaction of etiological factors with doshas
and dushyas, as well as the presence
or absence of disease-resisting factors (individual’s immunity or ability to
resist the disease), influence the outcome regarding the manifestation of a
disease It is stated that if the
interaction of etiological factors, doshas
and dushyas are weak and these are antagonistic to each other, and if the
influence of temporal factors (time or seasonal influence) are also weak, then
either the disease does not manifest,
or there is a delay in manifestation of
the disease.[4] In such cases, even
if there is an onset of the disease, its severity could be low, or all of its
signs and symptoms may not manifest. Thus, the presence or absence of specific
factors determine the ability or otherwise of the body to resist all types of
diseases.
Recent studies have reported that
the severity of the disease is a function of individual immune response to the
virus.The response is a function of 3 factors - Hetu ; Dosha ; Dushya .[5]
The permutation and combination of the three variables in a particular
body type can give a direction to the manifestation and progression of the
disease.
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