Diabetes mellitus (DhayābÄ«á¹­us Ḥārr) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. Several distinct types of DM exist and are caused by a complex interaction of genetics and environmental factors. Depending on the etiology of the DM, factors contributing to hyperglycemia include reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization, and increased glucose production. The metabolic dysregulation associated with DM causes secondary pathophysiologic changes in multiple organ systems that impose a tremendous burden on the individual with diabetes and on the health care system. Diabetes is one of the most challenging health problems of the 21st century. Type 2 DM is a significant cause of premature mortality and morbidity related to cardiovascular disease, macrovascular complications, and microvascular complications in older adults. The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising all over the globe at an alarming rate. 

Globally, prevalence of Diabetes mellitus estimated by the IDF was estimated to 425.0 million (8.8% of adult 20-79 years) in 2017; by 2045 this will rise to 629 million. The proportion of people with type 2 diabetes is increasing in most countries. India alone has 72.9 million and in China 114.4 million. 1 in 2 (212 million) people with diabetes were undiagnosed. About 79% of people with diabetes live in low and middle income countries. The diabetes-related health expenditure will exceed from USD 727 billion (2017) to USD 776 billion (2045). In spite of a good number of drugs developed by the modern system of medicine there are many clinical issues which are still to be addressed like the effective control on the function of pancreas in diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and diabetes related complications. These drugs are known to maintain the blood glucose at the required normal level and do not prevent the complications of T2DM. Further the use of these modern drugs is associated with various adverse effects. Unani system of medicine claims to possess a number of cost effective and safe compound and single drugs that can be used in management of Diabetes mellitus.  

In Unani medicine, diabetes has been mentioned with different names like ’DhayābÄ«á¹­us’, ’DÅ«lābiyya’ (water wheel), ’Diasquemus’, ’Qaramis’, ’Zalq al-Majari’, ’Salas al-Bawl’, ’Zalq al-Kulya’, Dawwāriyya (symptoms repeated in cyclic order), Mu‘aá¹­á¹­isha (thirst producing), Atsha, Intesae Anmas, parkar, parkāriyya, ,etc. DhayābÄ«á¹­us Ḥārr is mentioned in most of the Unani classical literature like Al-Qanun, Kamil al-Sanaa, Al-Hawi, etc. 

After the review of Unani literature as well as recent analytical data, a compound unani formulation known as Safoof-e-Ziabetus Dulabi is selected for the study.  Sufoof - e - Ziabetes - Dulabi (SZD) is a polyherbal Unani preparation widely prescribed for DhayābÄ«á¹­us Sadiq (Diabetes mellitus) and á¸Œâ€˜uf-i-kulya (weakness of the kidney).The present study entitled â€œA Randomized Standard Controlled Clinical Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of a Unani Formulation Safoof-e-Ziabetus Dulabi with Metformin in DhayābÄ«á¹­us Hārr Qism ThānÄ« (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus)”  is designed to clinically evaluate the safety and efficacy of a unani formulation SZD as compared to metformin in patients with DhayābÄ«á¹­us Ḥārr Qism ThānÄ« (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus) the present study is taken for the first time and considers the assessment of the scientific validity of an age old, time tested Unani Pharmacopoeial formulation in DhayābÄ«á¹­us Ḥārr Qism ThānÄ«.
This study is designed as a unicentric, randomized, open label,  standard controlled clinical trial in patients with DhayābÄ«á¹­us Ḥārr Qism ThānÄ« (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus).

Composition of Safoof-e-Ziabetus Dulabi 

 Post-e-Andrun-e-Darakht-e-Guler                           20gm

Gil-e-Armani                                                              10gm

Gulnar Farsi                                                              10gm

Dana Anar Shireen                                                    10gm

Maghz-e-Tukhm-e-Anba                                           10gm

Amla                                                                           10gm

Kishneez Khushk                                                       10gm