All the patients undergoing primary TKR meeting inclusion criteria with or without LBA during study period were taken into study.  

Group A: With the low backache

Group B: Without low backache (control group)

All the patients were clinically examined and functional scores recorded. The scores taken were VAS score for pain, Oswestry disability index for back pain, SF-12 for patient-reported outcome measure and Knee society score for knee function.

Radiologically, Both groups- Standard TKR Protocol radiographs ( Alignment Xray, Knee Anteroposterior and skyline views) taken.

•Whole spine Xray- AP, lateral (Standing)

•Dynamic views â€“ if symptomatic

•MRI ( to stratify based on diagnosis)- if symptomatic

The patient will undergo standard total knee replacement and postoperative protocol. After total knee replacement, both groups assessed with clinical scores and radiological criteria at 6 months and 1 year follow up.

Statistical analysis used for comparison between groups: 

•       Student’s t-test for continuous variables

•       Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. 

For comparison between pre- and postoperative data within a group:

•       Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test 

•       Correlation- assessed by the Spearman coefficient.

•       Statistical significance was considered for P values less than 0.05