Dyslipidemia, synonymous with Hyperlipidemia or Hyperlipoproteinemia, defined as a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, including lipoprotein overproduction or deficiency and manifested by elevation of the total cholesterol, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the triglyceride concentrations, and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration in the blood. [1]

Dyslipidemia is co-related with Siman MufritÌ£ in Unani system of medicine in clinical features and complications.
Prolonged dyslipidemia may lead to Atherosclerosis, Ischaemic Heart Disease, Hypertension, Stroke, Nephropathy, Retinopathy, Diabetes, Obesity, Fatty liver.[2]Ischemic Heart Disease (8.92 million deaths per year) is the main cause of death all over the world Worldwide one-third of Ischemic heart disease is due to dyslipidemia. In 2008 the global prevalence of raised total cholesterol level among adults (>5.0 mmol/l) was 39% (37%for males and 40% for females). [4]

Increase level of atherogenic lipoprotein especially LDL, IDL, lipoprotein(a) and chylomicron remnants contribute to the pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and these are the most modifiable risk factor for Coronary artery disease. [5] According to the WHO World Health Statistics Report, globally one in six adults are obese and nearly 2.8 million individuals die each year due to overweight or obesity. [6] Dyslipidemia is one of the major factor constituting to Metabolic syndrome which is defined by a constellation of an interconnected physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that directly increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. [7,8] This includes Atherogenic dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, hypertension, proinflammatory state, and a prothrombotic state. Raised level of cholesterol increases the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Dietary management along with hypolipidemic drugs is the mainstay of treatment in conventional system of medicine, which include HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Statins- Atorvastatin, Simvastatin), Bile acid sequestrants (Resins- Cholestyramine, Colestipol), Lipoprotein lipase activators (PPARα activators, Fibrates- Clofibrate, Gemfibrozil), Lipolysis and triglyceride synthesis inhibitor (Nicotinic acid), Highly polyunsaturated long chain-3 Fatty acids but all of these have some side effects including constipation, exacerbation of hemorrhoids, nausea, increased bleeding related to vitamin-K malabsorption, Vitamin-A and D deficiencies. [9] Adverse effects associated with Statins are Cognitive loss, Neuropathy, Rhabdomyolysis, myositis, myalgia, pancreatic and hepatic dysfunction, increased the incidence of diabetes, sexual dysfunction. [10]

High prevalence of disease, life-threatening complications, and complications of conventional medicine warrants search of treatment which should be safe, efficacious, cost-effective and easily available to alleviate such a complex disease of serious complications. In Unani system of medicine, the drug which has Hot and Dry temperament and contains the property of TahÌ£liÌ„l (resolvent), TajfiÌ„f (Desiccant), TehziÌ„l (Emaciating), Mudirr (Diuretic) properties used in the treatment of obesity. [11,12,13]

Keeping in mind all of the above points and drawbacks of modern medicine, there is a need to search an effective medicine to treat dyslipidemia. After a review of the literature, a pharmacopoeial compound formulation JawaÌ„rish Falafili having an indication for Siman MufritÌ£ has been selected for this study. [13,14,15] The drug constituting this formulation having the hot and dry temperament and possesses MulatÌ£tÌ£if (Demulcent), MufattihÌ£ (Deobstruent), MohÌ£allil (Resolvent), Qat-e-balgham, HazÌ£im (digestive), Mudirr-e-boul (Diuretic) properties. Some of the drugs in this formulation have been evaluated as an anti-hyperlipidemic effect. [16,17,18] A Preclinical study has already been conducted on JawaÌ„rish falafili as Anti- hyperlipidemic by Nazia et al. which shows significant results. So, the present study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of JawaÌ„rish falafili in Dyslipidemia.