INTRODUCTION
The use of Intraoperative Neurophysiological
monitoring (IONM) is becoming gold standard in specialised neurosurgical
centre’s throughout the world.
IONM involve the use of multiple monitoring modalities
including Evoked potential such as Somatosensory evoked potential, Motor Evoked
Potential, Brainstem auditory evoked potential, Visual evoked potential,
Electroencephalography (EEG), Electromyography (EMG).
The use of anaesthetic agents has direct impact on
quality of evoked potential elicited during IONM.
A Poorly planned and executed anaesthetic could render
EPs useless and lead to poor outcome. By understanding how anaesthetic agents
affect various signal, anaesthetist become valuable role player in IONM. As the
nervous system is physiologically different in children, anaesthetic management
differs in this age group and requires special consideration.
AIM & OBJECTIVES
We aim to conduct a Prospective Observational Audit of
current anaesthesia practices in Neurosurgery with Intraoperative
neurophysiological monitoring in paediatric population.
STUDY METHODOLOGY
This is Prospective observational audit -
Prospectively the anaesthetic notes of all patients aged 0-18 yrs undergoing
Elective / Emergency Brain surgery under anaesthesia at Tata Memorial Hospital
will be reviewed.
Intra-operative data regarding anaesthesia management
like type of anaesthesia ,Type of induction (inhalational/Intravenous),
Intraoperative vital monitoring likes (Heart rate, Blood Pressure, Saturation, Temperature,
End tidal CO2), Intraoperative fluid
requirement, cumulative doses of anaesthesitic drugs, type of Intraoperative neurophysiological
monitoring (Motor evoked potential, sensory evoked potential, BIS, TOF) and
intra- op complications (Seizures, Tongue injury, Accidental extubation, Haemodynamic
instability, anaphylaxis), post op need of ventilation, will be recorded as per
the case record form by investigator.
INCLUSION CRITERIA
All patients aged 0-18 yr undergoing
Elective/Emergency Brain tumor surgery with Intraoperative neurophysiological
monitoring.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
Refusal to consent
END POINTS
Following variables will be studied.
1)
Demographics- Age
, Sex
2)
Site of disease
3)
Type of surgery,
anaesthesia
4)
Duration of anaesthesia, duration of surgery
5) At
induction-
a)Type of drugs
& doses used- Intravenous/ Inhaltional
b)Airway
(ETT/LMA)
c)Position of
patient
6) Maintanace
of anaesthetia
a) Type of anaesthetic
agent- Intravenous/ Inhalational
b) Relaxant
c) No of times boluses given –
Propofol/ Fentanyl / Relaxant /others
7) Intraopmonitoring
–HR/NIBP/ SPO2/ Capnograph/ urine output
8) Intraop
complication
9) Total blood
loss, blood products
10) IV fluid
11) Type of
Intraoperative monitoring- MEP/SSEP/BIS/TOF
12) Satisfaction
score of potential by neurophysician?
13) Post op
need of ventilation
SAMPLE SIZE
A Convenience period of 1 yr has been chosen. No
formal sample size calculation has been performed.
Around 30-35 surgeries are carried out each year.
ANALYSIS OF THE
VARIABLES
Categorical variables
will be expressed as frequencies and percentages. Continuous variables will be
expressed as mean, standard deviations and confidence intervals, and medians
and interquartile range, as appropriate. For comparisons, Students t test, the
Mann Whitney U test and the chi square test will be used. All test will be
two-tailled, and a p-value of < 0.05 will be considered significant. |