| CTRI Number |
CTRI/2026/03/105296 [Registered on: 03/03/2026] Trial Registered Prospectively |
| Last Modified On: |
02/03/2026 |
| Post Graduate Thesis |
Yes |
| Type of Trial |
Interventional |
|
Type of Study
|
Physiotherapy (Not Including YOGA) |
| Study Design |
Randomized, Parallel Group Trial |
|
Public Title of Study
|
Effect of Russian Current Stimulation, Proprioception Training, and Short Foot Exercises on Flat Foot in Young Females |
|
Scientific Title of Study
|
Effectiveness of Russian Current, Proprioception Training plus Short Foot-Exercises on Flexible Flat Foot in Young Females
|
| Trial Acronym |
|
|
Secondary IDs if Any
|
| Secondary ID |
Identifier |
| NIL |
NIL |
|
|
Details of Principal Investigator or overall Trial Coordinator (multi-center study)
|
| Name |
Dr Sandeep Singh |
| Designation |
Head of Department and Assistant Professor |
| Affiliation |
Physiotherapy Department Punjabi University Patiala |
| Address |
Physiotherapy Department
Punjabi University Patiala
Punjab
147002
India
Patiala
PUNJAB
147002
India |
| Phone |
9417802490 |
| Fax |
|
| Email |
sandyraina248@gmail.com |
|
Details of Contact Person
Scientific Query
|
| Name |
Dr Sandeep Singh |
| Designation |
Head of Department and Assistant Professor |
| Affiliation |
Physiotherapy Department Punjabi University Patiala |
| Address |
Physiotherapy Department
Punjabi University Patiala
Punjab
147002
India
Patiala
PUNJAB
147002
India |
| Phone |
9417802490 |
| Fax |
|
| Email |
sandyraina248@gmail.com |
|
Details of Contact Person
Public Query
|
| Name |
Kirandeep Kaur |
| Designation |
Postgraduate Student |
| Affiliation |
Physiotherapy Department Punjabi University Patiala |
| Address |
Physiotherapy Department
Punjabi University Patiala
Punjab
147002
India
Patiala
PUNJAB
147002
India |
| Phone |
8437333678 |
| Fax |
|
| Email |
kirankaur49599@gmail.com |
|
|
Source of Monetary or Material Support
|
|
|
Primary Sponsor
|
| Name |
Kirandeep Kaur |
| Address |
Physiotherapy Department
Punjabi University Patiala
Punjab
147002
India |
| Type of Sponsor |
Other [Self] |
|
|
Details of Secondary Sponsor
|
|
|
Countries of Recruitment
|
India |
|
Sites of Study
|
| No of Sites = 1 |
| Name of Principal
Investigator |
Name of Site |
Site Address |
Phone/Fax/Email |
| Dr Sandeep Singh |
Bhai Ghaniya health centre |
Physiotherapy Unit
Orthopaedic OPD-I
Punjabi University Patiala
Patiala
PUNJAB |
09417802490
sandyraina248@gmail.com |
|
|
Details of Ethics Committee
|
| No of Ethics Committees= 1 |
| Name of Committee |
Approval Status |
| Institutional Ethical Committee Punjabi University Patiala |
Approved |
|
|
Regulatory Clearance Status from DCGI
|
|
|
Health Condition / Problems Studied
|
| Health Type |
Condition |
| Patients |
(1) ICD-10 Condition: M958||Other specified acquired deformities of musculoskeletal system, |
|
|
Intervention / Comparator Agent
|
| Type |
Name |
Details |
| Comparator Agent |
Faradic Current
Short foot exercises |
Surged Faradic current will be used, with a pulse duration of 0.1–1 millisecond and a frequency of 50-100 Hz. The surge duration (on-time) will be set at 1 second, followed by a surge interval (off-time) of 3 seconds. Each treatment session will last 10 minutes, administered 4 days a week over a total period of 4 weeks.
Short foot exercises : Participants to perform the SFE in 3 sets of 15 repetitions for each day and begun in a sitting position (in first and second weeks), and progress to a double-leg stance position, then single-leg stance position (in third and fourth weeks).
|
| Intervention |
Russian Current
Proprioception Training
Short Foot-Exercises |
Russian Current : frequency of 2,500 Hz, modulated at 50 Hz with a 50% duty cycle , cycle of 10 seconds
on and 50 seconds off,
10 minutes total treatment time and will be conducted 4 days a week for a total duration of 4 weeks.
Proprioception Training: Single leg stance on hard surface (3sets, 30 s)
Tandem stance on hard surface (3sets, 30 s)
Forward lean on hard surface(3sets, 30 s) will be conducted 4 days a week for a total duration of 4 weeks.
Short Foot-Exercises (a) toe spreading to activate the intrinsic foot muscles,
(b) lesser toe extension to enhance digital control and arch stability,
(c) doming performed in a double-leg standing position to strengthen the medial
longitudinal arch under symmetrical weight-bearing conditions, and
(d) doming performed in a single-leg standing position to challenge dynamic balance and arch
control under unilateral loading.
To perform SFE, participants asked to elevate the MLA, shorten the foot in the anterior–posterior line, and to approximate the first metatarsal head toward the heel without toe flexion. An elevated MLA position maintained for 5 seconds in each repetition. Participants to perform the SFE in 3 sets of 15 repetitions for each day and begun in a sitting position (in first and second weeks), and progress to a double-leg stance position, then single-leg stance position (in third and fourth weeks). |
|
|
Inclusion Criteria
|
| Age From |
18.00 Year(s) |
| Age To |
30.00 Year(s) |
| Gender |
Female |
| Details |
Females aged 18–30 years
Diagnosis of flexible flat foot unilateral or bilateral (indicated by reduced arch
height and symptoms such as pain or discomfort)
Navicular drop more than 10mm using ruler method
Staheli’s Arch Index greater than 0.89 on Podoscope evaluation
Ability to comply with the study protocol |
|
| ExclusionCriteria |
| Details |
Neurological disorders or conditions that affect proprioception
History of Inflammatory joint diseases (e.g. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus (SLE), Ankylosing Spondylitis)
History of lower limb fractures, strains and sprains
Open wound or any skin disease around leg or ankle joint.
Sensitive or fragile skin
History of foot or ankle surgery |
|
|
Method of Generating Random Sequence
|
Coin toss, Lottery, toss of dice, shuffling cards etc |
|
Method of Concealment
|
Other |
|
Blinding/Masking
|
Not Applicable |
|
Primary Outcome
|
| Outcome |
TimePoints |
Navicular drop test
Staheli’s arch index using Podoscope
Foot Function Index (FFI)
Y Balance Test for functional balance |
At the baseline and end of 4th week |
|
|
Secondary Outcome
|
| Outcome |
TimePoints |
| Foot Function Index |
at the baseline & end of fourth week |
|
|
Target Sample Size
|
Total Sample Size="32"
Sample Size from India="32"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (Total)= "Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (India)="Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials" |
|
Phase of Trial
|
N/A |
|
Date of First Enrollment (India)
|
16/03/2026 |
| Date of Study Completion (India) |
Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials |
| Date of First Enrollment (Global) |
Date Missing |
| Date of Study Completion (Global) |
Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials |
|
Estimated Duration of Trial
|
Years="0"
Months="6"
Days="0" |
|
Recruitment Status of Trial (Global)
|
Not Yet Recruiting |
| Recruitment Status of Trial (India) |
Not Yet Recruiting |
|
Publication Details
|
N/A |
|
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement
|
Will individual participant data (IPD) be shared publicly (including data dictionaries)?
Response - NO
|
|
Brief Summary
|
Flexible flat foot is a common musculoskeletal condition among young females which may lead to pain, poor posture impaired gait, and decreased foot function. Physiotherapy approaches like proprioception training and intrinsic foot strengthening have shown promising results in enhancing medial arch support and postural balance. Russian current stimulation further enhances muscle activation and neuromuscular efficiency. This study aims to evaluate the combined effectiveness of Russian current, proprioceptive training, and short foot exercises in improving clinical outcomes among young females with flexible flat foot. A randomized controlled trial design will be employed, comprising 30 female participants aged between 18 and 30 years. Participants will be randomly allocated into control and intervention groups based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The intervention protocol will be administered four times per week over a period of four weeks. Data will be collected at baseline and post-intervention, followed by statistical analysis using appropriate methods to determine the significance of the findings. The study intends to propose a cost-effective, non-invasive, and evidence-based physiotherapeutic approach for the management of flexible flat foot. Ethical considerations will be strictly observed, and written informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to study initiation. |