Mental health is defined by the World Health Organization as a state of wellbeing in which an individual realizes their abilities, manages daily stress, works productively, and contributes to society. Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of health through the concept of Trayopstambha—Brahmacharya (celibacy), Nidra (sleep), and Ahara (diet)—which are considered the supporting pillars of life. Among these, Nidra plays a crucial role in maintaining both physical and mental health. Acharya Charaka described sleep as a state that occurs when the sense and motor organs become inactive and the mind and soul experience fatigue. Nidranasha (insomnia) is described in Ayurvedic classics as a Vataja disorder, and sleep disturbances have also been explained by Acharya Sushruta.

In the modern era, insomnia has become increasingly common and is characterized by difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, leading to impaired daytime functioning. Primary insomnia occurs without any identifiable medical, psychological, or environmental cause. Modern medical treatments mainly rely on sedatives and hypnotics, which provide temporary relief but are associated with side effects such as dependency, withdrawal symptoms, and cognitive impairment. These limitations have increased interest in safer and holistic treatment approaches.

Ayurveda offers various treatment modalities for Nidranasha. Kakajanghadi Kwatha, described in Harita Samhita, is believed to calm the nervous system, balance aggravated doshas, and promote natural sleep without adverse effects. A clinical study was conducted with 68 subjects divided into two groups: a trial group receiving Kakajanghadi Kwatha and a control group receiving Mamsyadi Kwatha. Both groups were administered 24 ml of the respective decoction orally, twice daily for 30 days, with follow-ups on the 10th, 20th, and 30th day.