Stress Urinary Incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine during physical exertion such as sneezing coughing laughing walking or turning in bed. Common causes include childbirth trauma menopause obesity multiparity and pelvic surgeries such as hysterectomy.

Globally urinary incontinence affects more than sixty two percent of women with approximately thirty seven point five percent of these cases being Stress Urinary Incontinence. The incidence varies depending on age obesity and menopausal status.

Indian studies report a prevalence of urinary incontinence ranging from twenty five percent to forty five percent with Stress Urinary Incontinence accounting for approximately forty three point seven percent of these cases. However the actual prevalence may be higher due to social stigma and under reporting.

Stress Urinary Incontinence significantly impairs quality of life leading to embarrassment social withdrawal reduced sexual satisfaction anxiety and depression.

In conventional medicine management includes pelvic floor muscle exercises pharmacological agents such as duloxetine intravaginal devices and surgical procedures. However these options may not be suitable for all patients due to cost side effects or invasiveness.

In classical Unani texts urinary incontinence is described under the term Salas al Bawl defined as involuntary loss of urine or inability to control urination.

According to Unani physicians Salas al Bawl is considered a symptom of various diseases. Causes include

Sue Mizaj Barid meaning abnormal cold temperament

Sue Mizaj Haar meaning abnormal warm temperament

Istirkha al Mathana meaning flaccidity of urinary bladder muscles

Khalal Faqrat Mathana meaning damage to supporting structures of urinary bladder

Injury to spinal cord

Despite high prevalence and significant impact there is limited research evaluating effectiveness of Unani medicine in its management. Formulations such as Sufoof e Masik ul Baul and Majoon Kundur are believed to offer cost effective non invasive and holistic alternatives. Therefore scientific validation through clinical research is essential