Infertility is a significant global health concern, affecting nearly 17.5% of the adult population, with anovulation accounting for about 30% of female infertility cases. Anovulation occurs due to disturbance in the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, often influenced by improper diet, lifestyle, and stress, leading to failure of ovum release. In Ayurveda, infertility is termed Vandhyatva, which includes both failure to conceive and inability to sustain pregnancy, and is mainly attributed to Apana Vata dushti and Artava kshaya. Successful conception depends on the proper functioning of Rutu, Kshetra, Ambu, and Beeja, and impairment of Beeja results in Nashtartava (anovulation).

Conventional ovulation-inducing drugs may cause adverse effects such as reduced ovarian reserve, whereas Ayurveda offers safer alternatives. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), a potent Rasayana and Balya drug, has shown beneficial effects on ovarian function, folliculogenesis, and hormonal balance. Ashwagandha Arka is considered more potent due to its method of preparation, while Ashwagandha Ksheerapaka is traditionally used in reproductive disorders. Phalaghrita Matra Basti acts on Apana Vata and supports uterine and ovarian functions. Hence, a comparative clinical study is proposed to evaluate the efficacy of Ashwagandha Arka and Ashwagandha Ksheerapaka along with Phalaghrita Matra Basti in anovulatory infertility.