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CTRI Number  CTRI/2026/02/103530 [Registered on: 10/02/2026] Trial Registered Prospectively
Last Modified On: 09/02/2026
Post Graduate Thesis  Yes 
Type of Trial  Interventional 
Type of Study   Physiotherapy (Not Including YOGA) 
Study Design  Randomized, Parallel Group, Multiple Arm Trial 
Public Title of Study   Effect of active vs passive posterolateral MWM in subjects with adhesive capsulitis: a randomized controlled trial 
Scientific Title of Study   Effect of active vs passive posterolateral MWM in subjects with adhesive capsulitis: a randomized controlled trial 
Trial Acronym  NIL 
Secondary IDs if Any  
Secondary ID  Identifier 
NIL  NIL 
 
Details of Principal Investigator or overall Trial Coordinator (multi-center study)  
Name  Dr.Santosh Metgud 
Designation  Professor and Vice Principal 
Affiliation  KLE INSTITUTE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 
Address  Advanced Physiotherapy Room no. 39, department of orthopedic manual therapy, room no. 13, sagar floor, KLE Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and MRC, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi

Belgaum
KARNATAKA
590010
India 
Phone  9880088400  
Fax    
Email  santoshmetgud@klekipt.edu.in  
 
Details of Contact Person
Scientific Query  
Name  Dr Santosh Metgud 
Designation  Professor and Vice Principal 
Affiliation  KLE INSTITUTE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 
Address  Advanced Physiotherapy Room no. 39, department of orthopedic manual therapy, room no. 13, sagar floor, KLE Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and MRC, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi


KARNATAKA
590010
India 
Phone  9880088400  
Fax    
Email  santoshmetgud@klekipt.edu.in  
 
Details of Contact Person
Public Query  
Name  Irfan Khan 
Designation  Post Graduate  
Affiliation  KLE INSTITUTE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 
Address  Advanced Physiotherapy Room no. 39, department of orthopedic manual therapy, room no. 13, sagar floor, KLE Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and MRC, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi

Belgaum
KARNATAKA
590010
India 
Phone  9880088400  
Fax    
Email  k07irfan@gmail.com  
 
Source of Monetary or Material Support  
NIL 
 
Primary Sponsor  
Name  Irfan Khan 
Address  Advanced Physiotherapy Room no. 39, department of orthopedic manual therapy, room no. 13, sagar floor, KLE Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and MRC, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 
Type of Sponsor  Other [Self] 
 
Details of Secondary Sponsor  
Name  Address 
NIL  NIL 
 
Countries of Recruitment     India  
Sites of Study  
No of Sites = 1  
Name of Principal Investigator  Name of Site  Site Address  Phone/Fax/Email 
Irfan Khan  KLE Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi  Advanced Physiotherapy Room no. 39, department of orthopedic manual therapy, room no. 13, sagar floor, KLE Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and MRC, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi
Belgaum
KARNATAKA 		 09082099369

k07irfan@gmail.com 
 
Details of Ethics Committee  
No of Ethics Committees= 1  
Name of Committee  Approval Status 
Research & Ethical Committee, KLEU Institute of Physiotherapy  Approved 
 
Regulatory Clearance Status from DCGI  
Status 
Not Applicable 
 
Health Condition / Problems Studied  
Health Type  Condition 
Patients  (1) ICD-10 Condition: M70-M79||Other soft tissue disorders,  
 
Intervention / Comparator Agent  
Type  Name  Details 
Comparator Agent  Conventional treatment  Hot moist pack: A moist hot pack is applied over the anterolateral shoulder for 15 minutes. Codman’s pendular exercise: The patient leans forward, supporting the unaffected arm on a table. The affected arm is allowed to swing freely in small circles, forward–backward, and side-to-side directions. Each direction is performed for 2–3 minutes within pain-free range. Active-Assisted Range of Motion (AAROM) Exercises: The patient performs shoulder movements using assistance from a stick (wand exercises) or the unaffected arm. Each exercise: 10 repetitions × 3 sets, performed in the pain-free range. Progression from assisted to active ROM as tolerated.  
Intervention  Conventional treatment + Active Posterolateral MWM  Active MWM (Mobilization With Movement) with Posterolateral GlideTechnique The patient is positioned in sitting with the arm relaxed by the side. The therapist stands behind the patient and stabilizes the scapula using one hand.Using a mobilization belt (placed around the therapist’s pelvis and across the patient’s proximal humerus), a posterolateral glide is applied to the humeral head. While maintaining the glide, the patient actively performs shoulder external rotation or elevation within the pain-free range. Each repetition is performed 10 times per set, with 3 sets per session, and a 30-second rest interval between sets. The glide is maintained throughout the patient’s active movement, emphasizing pain-free motion. The technique is terminated if pain or compensatory movements occur  
Intervention  Conventional treatment + Passive Posterolateral MWM  The patient is in the same sitting position, arm relaxed. The therapist applies the posterolateral glide using a mobilization belt or manual contact at the humeral head. While maintaining the glide, the therapist performs the shoulder movement passively (e.g., passive external rotation or flexion) through the available pain-free range. The patient remains inactive during the movement. Each movement is repeated 10 times per set, with 3 sets per session and a 30-second rest between sets. Pain-free range is maintained throughout; any discomfort halts the set.  
 
Inclusion Criteria  
Age From  40.00 Year(s)
Age To  60.00 Year(s)
Gender  Both 
Details  Both genders, age 40-60 years old.
Clinical diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis, stage 2 or 3, based on history and physical examination.
Symptom duration is 1 month to 12 months
Pain more than 3 on 10 on NPRS during movement.
Patient willing to participate. 
 
ExclusionCriteria 
Details  Any fracture of the proximal humerus, clavicle, scapula, or AC joint reconstruction, or any shoulder surgery within the previous 12 months.
Stage 2 or 3 full-thickness rotator cuff tear requiring surgical repair or clinically suspected large tear (positive drop arm, weakness).
Active inflammatory arthropathy (rheumatoid arthritis) or septic arthritis of the shoulder.
Neurological disorder affecting shoulder function e.g. cervical radiculopathy, brachial plexopathy, post stroke shoulder involvement
Corticosteroid injection in shoulder within past 4 weeks.
Uncontrolled diabetes (with severe neuropathy), malignancy, severe osteoporosis, or contraindication to manual therapy.
History of CABG or open-heart surgery in the past 6 months. 
 
Method of Generating Random Sequence   Other 
Method of Concealment   Not Applicable 
Blinding/Masking   Not Applicable 
Primary Outcome  
Outcome  TimePoints 
1.Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)
Shoulder function and disability will be assessed using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). SPADI is a validated, self-reported outcome measure consisting of pain and disability subscales used to evaluate the functional status of the shoulder
2.Range of Motion (ROM) using Goniometer
Active range of motion of the shoulder joint will be assessed using a standard universal goniometer. The movements evaluated will include shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. Goniometric measurements will be taken during pre-assessment and post-assessment sessions. 		 at the baseline and at the end of 2 weeks 
 
Secondary Outcome  
Outcome  TimePoints 
Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Pain intensity will be assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). NPRS is a subjective scale ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 represents no pain and 10 represents the worst imaginable pain. Pain scores will be documented during pre-assessment and post-assessment periods. 		 at the baseline and at the end of 2 weeks 
 
Target Sample Size   Total Sample Size="51"
Sample Size from India="51" 
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (Total)= "Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (India)="Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials" 
Phase of Trial   N/A 
Date of First Enrollment (India)   20/02/2026 
Date of Study Completion (India) Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials 
Date of First Enrollment (Global)  Date Missing 
Date of Study Completion (Global) Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials 
Estimated Duration of Trial   Years="1"
Months="0"
Days="0" 
Recruitment Status of Trial (Global)   Not Yet Recruiting 
Recruitment Status of Trial (India)  Not Yet Recruiting 
Publication Details   N/A 
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement

Will individual participant data (IPD) be shared publicly (including data dictionaries)?  

Response - NO
Brief Summary   This study is a randomized controlled trial designed to compare the effectiveness of active versus passive posterolateral mobilization with movement (MWM) when combined with conventional physiotherapy in subjects with Stage II and III adhesive capsulitis. A total of 51 participants aged 40–60 years, clinically diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis and experiencing shoulder pain greater than 3/10 on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, will be recruited from a tertiary care hospital in Belagavi, Karnataka. Participants will be randomly allocated into three groups: Group A receiving conventional physiotherapy alone, Group B receiving conventional physiotherapy with active posterolateral MWM, and Group C receiving conventional physiotherapy with passive posterolateral MWM. All interventions will be administered for six sessions over two weeks. Outcome measures will include pain intensity assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, shoulder range of motion measured with a universal goniometer, and functional disability evaluated using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Ethical clearance has been obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee, and the study aims to determine whether active or passive application of posterolateral MWM provides superior improvements in pain reduction, shoulder mobility, and functional outcomes in individuals with adhesive capsulitis. 
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