As the global population continues to age, the incidence of TKA is expected to increase significantly. Effective pain management is a crucial aspect of TKA , playing a key role in enhancing recovery, improving patient satisfaction, and optimising overall healthcare outcomes. Multimodal analgesia has emerged as the standard approach for perioperative pain control in TKA , providing more effective pain relief with fewer adverse effects compared to opioid-based therapies. This method not only supports quicker recovery but also helps minimize opioid consumption.

The optimal strategy for multimodal analgesia ideally begins before surgery and continues throughout the perioperative period, extending into the post-discharge phase. A combination of oral and intravenous medications—including NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors, corticosteroids, gabapentinoids , acetaminophen, and opioids—can be utilised both before and after surgery to control pain effectively. In addition to pharmacological interventions, techniques like peripheral nerve blocks and periarticular local infiltration analgesia are valuable in managing postoperative pain and should be coordinated with the anesthesia team. Nonpharmacological methods, such as cryotherapy and physical therapy, should also be considered as part of the overall pain management plan.

Multimodal Analgesics  involves the use of multiple agents or modalities with different mechanisms of action                targeting various pain pathways.