Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a heterogeneous group of highly aggressive, lethal malignancies that are characterized by genomic differences among tumors from different anatomic sites. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, and even when resectable at an earlier stage, its high recurrence rate leads to a poor prognosis. India has a high burden of biliary tract tumors, particularly gall bladder cancer (GBC), the incidence is 10 times higher in northern India compared to the southern Indian states and with a significant geographic variance. In India, the young population is affected more in the fifth and sixth decades of life. The deadly nature of BTC, with high mortality rates, is alarmingly high, with only 20% of patients surviving beyond 5 years after diagnosis, posing a significant challenge to the healthcare community.

The increasing number of BTC cases is linked to several risk factors, so understanding the epidemiological factors and molecular characterization of BTCs provides potentially actionable clinical information, which may help in clinical development of therapies targeting actionable alterations with the overall ultimate goal of improving clinical outcomes. The objective of the study is to understand the epidemiological patterns, clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes and molecular characteristics in biliary tract cancers.