| CTRI Number |
CTRI/2025/10/095691 [Registered on: 07/10/2025] Trial Registered Prospectively |
| Last Modified On: |
06/10/2025 |
| Post Graduate Thesis |
Yes |
| Type of Trial |
Interventional |
|
Type of Study
|
Physiotherapy (Not Including YOGA) |
| Study Design |
Randomized, Parallel Group, Active Controlled Trial |
|
Public Title of Study
|
A Study to compare the effectiveness of Spencer Technique and Conventional Physiotherapy in improving Pain, Shoulder mobility and Daily Activities in people with Frozen Shoulder |
|
Scientific Title of Study
|
Comparison of Spencer Technique and Conventional Physiotherapy in Individuals with Frozen Shoulder: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| Trial Acronym |
NIL |
|
Secondary IDs if Any
|
| Secondary ID |
Identifier |
| NIL |
NIL |
|
|
Details of Principal Investigator or overall Trial Coordinator (multi-center study)
|
| Name |
Kavya G |
| Designation |
Post Graduate Student |
| Affiliation |
Ramaiah College of Physiotherapy |
| Address |
Room number 303, 3rd floor, Ramaiah College of Physiotherapy, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital, M S Ramaiah Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore 560054
Bangalore
KARNATAKA
560054
India |
| Phone |
7899135633 |
| Fax |
|
| Email |
kavyag280401@gmail.com |
|
Details of Contact Person
Scientific Query
|
| Name |
Ms Ruth Boyle |
| Designation |
Assistant Professor |
| Affiliation |
Ramaiah College of Physiotherapy |
| Address |
Room number 303, 3rd floor, Ramaiah College of Physiotherapy, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital, M S Ramaiah Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore 560054
Bangalore
KARNATAKA
560054
India |
| Phone |
9945496325 |
| Fax |
|
| Email |
ruthboyle.rcp@msruas.ac.in |
|
Details of Contact Person
Public Query
|
| Name |
Ms Ruth Boyle |
| Designation |
Assistant Professor |
| Affiliation |
Ramaiah College of Physiotherapy |
| Address |
Room number 303, 3rd floor, Ramaiah College of Physiotherapy, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital, M S Ramaiah Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore 560054
Bangalore
KARNATAKA
560054
India |
| Phone |
9945496325 |
| Fax |
|
| Email |
ruthboyle.rcp@msruas.ac.in |
|
|
Source of Monetary or Material Support
|
| Ramaiah College of Physiotherapy, M S Ramaiah Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore 560054 |
| Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital, M S Ramaiah Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore 560054 |
| Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, M S Ramaiah Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore 560054 |
|
|
Primary Sponsor
|
| Name |
Kavya G |
| Address |
Ramaiah College of Physiotherapy, M S Ramaiah Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore 560054 |
| Type of Sponsor |
Other [Self] |
|
|
Details of Secondary Sponsor
|
|
|
Countries of Recruitment
|
India |
|
Sites of Study
|
| No of Sites = 2 |
| Name of Principal
Investigator |
Name of Site |
Site Address |
Phone/Fax/Email |
| Kavya G |
Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital |
Electrotherapy OPD room number 1, Basement floor, Department of Physiotherapy, M S Ramaiah Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore 560054
Bangalore
KARNATAKA |
7899135633
kavyag280401@gmail.com |
| Kavya G |
Ramaiah Memorial Hospital |
Electrotherapy room number 1, Basement floor, Centre for Physical Therapy Rehabilitation, M S Ramaiah Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore 560054
Bangalore
KARNATAKA |
7899135633
kavyag280401@gmail.com |
|
|
Details of Ethics Committee
|
| No of Ethics Committees= 1 |
| Name of Committee |
Approval Status |
| Ramaiah Medical College |
Approved |
|
|
Regulatory Clearance Status from DCGI
|
|
|
Health Condition / Problems Studied
|
| Health Type |
Condition |
| Patients |
(1) ICD-10 Condition: M750||Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder, |
|
|
Intervention / Comparator Agent
|
| Type |
Name |
Details |
| Comparator Agent |
Conventional Physiotherapy |
Moist heat application for 10 minutes, followed by maitland graded mobilization (Grades I to IV), capsular stretching (anterior, posterior, inferior), pendular exercises, active assisted ROM exercises, isometric strengthening exercises and PNF hold relax technique.
Administered 3 sessions per week on alternate days for 2 weeks (total 6 sessions). |
| Intervention |
Spencer Technique |
Moist heat application for 10 minutes, followed by seven stages of Spencer Technique with Muscle Energy Technique.
Administered 3 sessions per week on alternate days for 2 weeks (total 6 sessions). |
|
|
Inclusion Criteria
|
| Age From |
30.00 Year(s) |
| Age To |
70.00 Year(s) |
| Gender |
Both |
| Details |
Unilateral frozen shoulder with stage 1 and 2
Glenohumeral passive and active range of movement is less than 100° in forward flexion, less than 10° in external rotation, and less than L5 vertebral level in internal rotation |
|
| ExclusionCriteria |
| Details |
Bilateral Frozen Shoulder
Rotator cuff tears
Rheumatoid arthritis
Shoulder tumours
Neurological changes or paralysis of affected upper limb
Cervical neuropathy
Upper limb fractures or open sores
History of shoulder surgery
Pain management history of Intra articular injection |
|
|
Method of Generating Random Sequence
|
Computer generated randomization |
|
Method of Concealment
|
Sequentially numbered, sealed, opaque envelopes |
|
Blinding/Masking
|
Participant Blinded |
|
Primary Outcome
|
| Outcome |
TimePoints |
Pain – Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
Range of Motion |
Pain measured by Numeric Pain Rating Scale pre and post 6 sessions of intervention.
Range of Motion measured by goniometer pre and post 6 sessions of intervention. |
|
|
Secondary Outcome
|
| Outcome |
TimePoints |
| Penn Shoulder Score - Pain, Satisfaction and Function |
Shoulder disability measured by Penn Shoulder Score with components of pain, satisfaction and function pre and post 6 sessions of intervention |
|
|
Target Sample Size
|
Total Sample Size="36"
Sample Size from India="36"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (Total)= "Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (India)="Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials" |
|
Phase of Trial
|
N/A |
|
Date of First Enrollment (India)
|
17/10/2025 |
| Date of Study Completion (India) |
Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials |
| Date of First Enrollment (Global) |
Date Missing |
| Date of Study Completion (Global) |
Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials |
|
Estimated Duration of Trial
|
Years="1"
Months="0"
Days="0" |
|
Recruitment Status of Trial (Global)
|
Not Applicable |
| Recruitment Status of Trial (India) |
Not Yet Recruiting |
|
Publication Details
|
N/A |
|
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement
|
Will individual participant data (IPD) be shared publicly (including data dictionaries)?
Response - NO
|
|
Brief Summary
|
Frozen shoulder is a condition characterized by pain and progressive restriction of shoulder range of motion, commonly affecting adults between 40–65 years. Both Spencer Technique and Conventional Physiotherapy are widely used interventions, but their comparative effectiveness remains uncertain. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of Spencer Technique versus Conventional Physiotherapy in individuals with unilateral frozen shoulder (Stage 1 and 2). A total of 36 participants will be randomly allocated (block randomization, block size 4 using computer generated random sequence) into two groups: -
Experimental Group: Moist heat and Spencer Technique (3 sessions per week for 2 weeks). -
Control Group: Moist heat and Conventional Physiotherapy (mobilization, stretching, strengthening, pendular exercises) (3 sessions per week for 2 weeks). Primary outcomes will include pain (Numeric Pain Rating Scale) and shoulder range of motion (goniometer). Secondary outcomes will include functional disability and patient satisfaction (Penn Shoulder Score). Assessments will be recorded at baseline and at 6th session. The study seeks to determine which intervention is more effective in reducing pain, improving mobility, and enhancing patient satisfaction in frozen shoulder. |