CTRI

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CTRI Number

CTRI/2025/09/094802 [Registered on: 15/09/2025] Trial Registered Prospectively

Last Modified On:

12/09/2025

Post Graduate Thesis

Yes

Type of Trial

Interventional

Type of Study

Physiotherapy (Not Including YOGA)

Study Design

Randomized, Parallel Group, Active Controlled Trial

Public Title of Study

Study to see if square stepping exercises can improve balance and walking in older adults Trial

Scientific Title of Study

Efficacy of Square Stepping Exercises on Balance, Gait Speed and Fear of Fall in Frail Individuals : A Randomized Control Trial

Trial Acronym

Secondary IDs if Any

Secondary ID	Identifier
NIL	NIL

Details of Principal Investigator or overall Trial Coordinator (multi-center study)

Name	Aman Kanda
Designation	MPT Student
Affiliation	Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy
Address	Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy, Neurology Research laboratory, third floor, Karkardooma, Vikas Marg, Delhi Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy, Neurology Research laboratory, third floor, Karkardooma, Vikas Marg, Delhi East DELHI 110092 India
Phone	9818968927
Fax
Email	kandaaman13@gmail.com

Details of Contact Person
Scientific Query

Name	Dr. Mansi Mittal
Designation	Assistant Professor
Affiliation	Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy
Address	Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy, Karkardooma, Vikas Marg, Delhi East DELHI 110092 India
Phone	8860028510
Fax
Email	mansi.mittal.pt@gmail.com

Details of Contact Person
Public Query

Name	Aman Kanda
Designation	MPT Student
Affiliation	Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy
Address	Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy, Neurology Research laboratory, third floor, Karkardooma, Vikas Marg, Delhi Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy, Neurology Research laboratory, third floor, Karkardooma, Vikas Marg, Delhi East DELHI 110092 India
Phone	9818968927
Fax
Email	kandaaman13@gmail.com

Source of Monetary or Material Support

Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy, Neurology Research laboratory, third floor, Karkardooma, Vikas Marg, Delhi

Primary Sponsor

Name	Aman Kanda
Address	Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy, Karkardooma, Vikas Marg, Delhi
Type of Sponsor	Research institution and hospital

Details of Secondary Sponsor

Name	Address
NIL	NIL

Countries of Recruitment

India

Sites of Study

No of Sites = 1
Name of Principal Investigator	Name of Site	Site Address	Phone/Fax/Email
DR AMAN KANDA	AMAR JYOTI HOSPITAL	Neurology Research laboratory, third floor, Karkardooma, Vikas Marg, Delhi 110092 East DELHI	9818968927 kandaaman13@gmail.com

Details of Ethics Committee

No of Ethics Committees= 1
Name of Committee	Approval Status
AMAR JYOTI INSTITUTE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD - ETHICAL COMMITTEE (AJIRB-EC)	Approved

Regulatory Clearance Status from DCGI

Status

Not Applicable

Health Condition / Problems Studied

Health Type	Condition
Healthy Human Volunteers	FRAIL ELDERLY

Intervention / Comparator Agent

Type	Name	Details
Intervention	CONVENTIONAL BALANCE TRAINING EXERCISES	A structured program designed to improve an individuals balance and stability, typically involving exercises that challenge both static and dynamic postures. These exercises are often performed on stable surfaces and can include activities such as standing on one leg, heel-to-toe walking, weight shifting, and sitting-to-standing movements. Conventional balance training aims to enhance coordination, proprioception, and gait, thereby reducing the risk of falls, particularly in older adults and those with frailty. It usually follows a routine progression, increasing in difficulty as the individual’s balance improves. 3 TIMES A WEEK FOR 4 WEEKS
Comparator Agent	CONVENTIONAL BALANCE TRAINING EXERCISES	A structured program designed to improve an individuals balance and stability, typically involving exercises that challenge both static and dynamic postures. These exercises are often performed on stable surfaces and can include activities such as standing on one leg, heel-to-toe walking, weight shifting, and sitting-to-standing movements. Conventional balance training aims to enhance coordination, proprioception, and gait, thereby reducing the risk of falls, particularly in older adults and those with frailty. It usually follows a routine progression, increasing in difficulty as the individual’s balance improves. 3 TIMES A WEEK FOR 4 WEEKS
Intervention	SQUARE STEPPING EXERCISES	Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) involves multidirectional step patterns on a gridded mat, making it a simple, adaptable, and low-cost intervention. It improves balance and reactive control, enhances proprioception, strengthens gait speed and stability, and reduces fear of falling. The cognitive challenge of remembering step sequences further stimulates executive function, while its group-based format promotes motivation and social engagement. The integration of cognitive and motor demands in SSE has been shown to stimulate neuroplasticity and enhance sensorimotor integration, potentially offering superior benefits in improving reactive balance, gait speed and reduces fear of fall. 3 TIMES A WEEK FOR 4 WEEKS
Comparator Agent	SQUARE STEPPING EXERCISES	Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) involves multidirectional step patterns on a gridded mat, making it a simple, adaptable, and low-cost intervention. It improves balance and reactive control, enhances proprioception, strengthens gait speed and stability, and reduces fear of falling. The cognitive challenge of remembering step sequences further stimulates executive function, while its group-based format promotes motivation and social engagement. The integration of cognitive and motor demands in SSE has been shown to stimulate neuroplasticity and enhance sensorimotor integration, potentially offering superior benefits in improving reactive balance, gait speed and reduces fear of fall. 3 TIMES A WEEK FOR 4 WEEKS

Inclusion Criteria

Age From	60.00 Year(s)
Age To	85.00 Year(s)
Gender	Both
Details	Age 60 to 85 years Informed consent Hindi Mental State Examination (HMSE) more than or equal to 21 Fried Frailty Score more than or equal to 3 Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) more than or equal to 19

ExclusionCriteria

Details

Engaged in regular exercise in past 3 months
Severe musculoskeletal, neurological, or cardiovascular disorders interfering with balance or safe exercise

Method of Generating Random Sequence

Coin toss, Lottery, toss of dice, shuffling cards etc

Method of Concealment

Alternation

Blinding/Masking

Participant Blinded

Primary Outcome

Outcome	TimePoints
Mini Best	BASELINE AND 4 WEEKS

Secondary Outcome

Outcome	TimePoints
Fall efficacy scale	BASELINE AND 4 WEEKS
4 meters gait speed	BASELINE AND 4 WEEKS

Target Sample Size

Total Sample Size="66"
Sample Size from India="66"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (Total)= "Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (India)="Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials"

Phase of Trial

N/A

Date of First Enrollment (India)

10/10/2025

Date of Study Completion (India)

Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials

Date of First Enrollment (Global)

Date Missing

Date of Study Completion (Global)

Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials

Estimated Duration of Trial

Years="11"
Months="0"
Days="0"

Recruitment Status of Trial (Global)

Not Yet Recruiting

Recruitment Status of Trial (India)

Not Yet Recruiting

Publication Details

N/A

Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement

Will individual participant data (IPD) be shared publicly (including data dictionaries)?

Response - NO

Brief Summary

Subjects will be recruited through personal communication after screening. A verbal and written informed consent process will be followed. Through clinical postings at Amar Jyoti Rehabilitation and Research centre, Karkardooma, Delhi. Subjects will be recruited through screening. Assess is through institutional referral and voluntary participation.