There is a rapid increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes worldwide and the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease is a major concern especially in the developing countries like India. Primary intervention through diet and lifestyle modification assumes paramount importance in the prevention and management of diabetes. Studies have shown that reduction in the incidence of diabetes can be achieved over long period through modest dietary changes, weight loss and exercise. With increasing awareness on the effect of refined grains on postprandial hyperglycemia and reduction in HDL cholesterol, replacement of carbohydrate by healthy fat, such as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), has been increasingly recognized as a possible therapeutic strategy in the treatment of diabetes. 

Nuts are energy dense foods and the unique nutrient composition of nuts may confer metabolic benefits and reduce the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes. Independent clinical studies have shown multiple beneficial effects of nut consumption such as weight loss, reduced inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk. Higher nut consumption is associated with a reduced risk of diabetes and of the development of coronary heart disease in individuals with diabetes.Cross sectional studies have shown decreased levels of soluble inflammatory markers and increase in serum adiponection concentration upon nut consumption. Cashew nuts are one of the commonly consumed nuts in the Indian population. Various studies have demonstrated the beneficial properties of cashew nuts in animal models. A recent clinical study have shown two ounces of nuts daily as a replacement for carbohydrate foods improved both glycemic control and serum lipids in type 2 diabetes. Not many studies have been done on the health benefits of nuts specifically in the diabetic subjects in the Indian population. The aim of this study will be to look at the effect of cashew nut consumption on the glycemic and lipid profile in the chosen type 2 diabetic subjects.