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CTRI Number  CTRI/2025/09/094568 [Registered on: 11/09/2025] Trial Registered Prospectively
Last Modified On: 11/09/2025
Post Graduate Thesis  Yes 
Type of Trial  Interventional 
Type of Study   Physiotherapy (Not Including YOGA) 
Study Design  Randomized, Parallel Group Trial 
Public Title of Study   Comparing proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and scapular cueing exercises to improve back bone of shoulder imbalance and reduce chest muscle tightness in young adults 
Scientific Title of Study   Effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) versus scapular cueing exercise on scapular dyskinesis and pectoralis minor muscle tightness among young adults - A COMPARATIVE STUDY 
Trial Acronym  NIL 
Secondary IDs if Any  
Secondary ID  Identifier 
NIL  NIL 
 
Details of Principal Investigator or overall Trial Coordinator (multi-center study)  
Name  Riddhi Shah 
Designation  Post graduate student  
Affiliation  Parul institute of physiotherapy  
Address  18 , parul sevashram hospital , department of physiotherapy , , Post Limda , Waghodia,

Vadodara
GUJARAT
391760
India 
Phone  8511994942  
Fax    
Email  riddhi2642@gmail.com   
 
Details of Contact Person
Scientific Query
 
Name  Dr Dwija Yagnik  
Designation  Assistant professor  
Affiliation  Parul institute of physiotherapy  
Address  18 , parul sevashram hospital , department of physiotherapy , , Post Limda , Waghodia,

Vadodara
GUJARAT
391760
India 
Phone  9909021553  
Fax    
Email  dwija.yagnik74008@paruluniversity.ac.in  
 
Details of Contact Person
Public Query
 
Name  Riddhi Shah 
Designation  Post graduate student  
Affiliation  Parul institute of physiotherapy 
Address  18 , parul sevashram hospital , department of physiotherapy , , Post Limda , Waghodia,

Vadodara
GUJARAT
391760
India 
Phone  8511994942  
Fax    
Email  riddhi2642@gmail.com  
 
Source of Monetary or Material Support  
None  
 
Primary Sponsor  
Name  NA 
Address  NA 
Type of Sponsor  Other [NA] 
 
Details of Secondary Sponsor  
Name  Address 
NA  NA 
 
Countries of Recruitment     India  
Sites of Study  
No of Sites = 1  
Name of Principal Investigator  Name of Site  Site Address  Phone/Fax/Email 
Dr Riddhi Shah  Parul sevashram hospital  18 , parul sevashram hospital , department of physiotherapy , , Post Limda , Waghodia,
Vadodara
GUJARAT 
8511994942

riddhi2642@gmail.com 
 
Details of Ethics Committee  
No of Ethics Committees= 1  
Name of Committee  Approval Status 
Parul University Institutional Ethics Committee for Human Research  Approved 
 
Regulatory Clearance Status from DCGI  
Status 
Not Applicable 
 
Health Condition / Problems Studied  
Health Type  Condition 
Healthy Human Volunteers  subjects with scapular dyskinesis and pectoralis muscle tightness  
 
Intervention / Comparator Agent  
Type  Name  Details 
Intervention  proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique   scapular PNF patterns : 1) Anterior elevation 2) Posterior depression 3) Anterior depression 4) Posterior elevation first 3 weeks stabilizing reversals other 3 weeks Dynamic reversals total 6 week intervention given bilaterally 10 repetitions 3 sets. given 3 days in a week  
Comparator Agent  scapular cueing exercise  1) Scapular retraction (3 sets ) 2) Resisted shoulder external rotation (3 sets ) 3) Horizontal rows (3 sets ) 4) Angle wings (3 sets ) 5) Push up (2 sets ) 6) Physioball scapular exercise (3 sets ) given 3 days in a week for 6 weeks  
 
Inclusion Criteria  
Age From  18.00 Year(s)
Age To  25.00 Year(s)
Gender  Both 
Details  1. Asymptomatic individuals aged 18-25 year.
2. Both male and female.
3. Individuals who are willing to participate in the study.
4. Subject diagnosed with type 2 and 3 scapular dyskinesis and pectoralis minor muscle tightness.
5. Subject who has not participated for any other study in past year.

 
 
ExclusionCriteria 
Details  1. Any injury or surgery around shoulder complex.
2. Neuromuscular or musculoskeletal condition around shoulder complex.
3. Individuals who have had shoulder or upper back surgery within the past six months.
 
 
Method of Generating Random Sequence   Not Applicable 
Method of Concealment   Not Applicable 
Blinding/Masking   Not Applicable 
Primary Outcome  
Outcome  TimePoints 
Lateral scapular slide test (LSST).  1. at baseline
2. at 6 weeks 
 
Secondary Outcome  
Outcome  TimePoints 
Pectoralis minor muscle tightness test   1. at baseline
2. at 6 weeks 
 
Target Sample Size   Total Sample Size="70"
Sample Size from India="70" 
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (Total)= "Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (India)="Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials" 
Phase of Trial   N/A 
Date of First Enrollment (India)   01/10/2025 
Date of Study Completion (India) Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials 
Date of First Enrollment (Global)  Date Missing 
Date of Study Completion (Global) Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials 
Estimated Duration of Trial   Years="1"
Months="0"
Days="0" 
Recruitment Status of Trial (Global)   Not Yet Recruiting 
Recruitment Status of Trial (India)  Not Yet Recruiting 
Publication Details   N/A 
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement

Will individual participant data (IPD) be shared publicly (including data dictionaries)?  

Response - NO
Brief Summary  
The scapula plays a vital role in shoulder kinematics through scapulohumeral rhythm and is closely associated with several clinical shoulder problems. Any alteration in scapular positioning or movement is termed scapular dyskinesis (SD), which can present as abnormal scapular elevation, rotation, or winging. SD is often linked with muscle imbalances, particularly involving the pectoralis minor (PM), trapezius, and serratus anterior, contributing to shoulder impingement, rotator cuff pathology, and postural issues. PM tightness has been shown to alter scapular motion, reducing posterior tilt and external rotation, thereby mimicking impingement patterns. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques, using diagonal and rotational movement patterns with manual resistance, aim to improve coordination, flexibility, and muscle activation. PNF has demonstrated benefits in pain reduction, mobility, and functional performance. Scapular cueing exercises, which incorporate tactile, visual, or verbal feedback, also help retrain scapular orientation and enhance selective muscle activation. Both methods are effective , but comparative evidence is limited. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PNF versus scapular cueing on SD and PM tightness in young adults. The study will see that effect of which technique is beneficial in this condition after the exercise session is completed .This  study follows  asymptomatic participants aged 18–25 years, randomly allocated into two groups: PNF training (Group A) and scapular cueing exercises (Group B). The intervention lasts six weeks, three sessions per week. Outcome measures include the Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST) and PM tightness test, assessed pre- and post-intervention. Data will be analyzed statistically to determine the relative effectiveness of each intervention.
 
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