Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy-related metabolic disorder, affecting around 3.5% of pregnant women in Karnataka. It significantly increases the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, including preeclampsia, macrosomia, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Women with GDM have up to a 6.35-fold higher risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus later in life. GDM is also linked to long-term complications such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. However, postpartum screening for glucose intolerance remains inadequate due to systemic and patient-related challenges.

Despite guideline recommendations for postpartum screening between 4–12 weeks, adherence remains low in India due to cultural, economic, and logistical barriers. Many women miss follow-up visits, limiting early detection of persistent glucose intolerance and T2DM. Current research lacks data on how breastfeeding, physical activity, and psychosocial health influence glycemic outcomes. There’s also limited representation from rural and diverse socioeconomic groups. This study aims to address these gaps and inform targeted strategies for postpartum diabetes prevention.