| CTRI Number |
CTRI/2025/11/097519 [Registered on: 17/11/2025] Trial Registered Prospectively |
| Last Modified On: |
11/11/2025 |
| Post Graduate Thesis |
Yes |
| Type of Trial |
Interventional |
|
Type of Study
|
Physiotherapy (Not Including YOGA) |
| Study Design |
Single Arm Study |
|
Public Title of Study
|
Effect of Shoulder Strengthening Exercises on Shoulder blade muscle imbalance and Swimming performance in competitive swimmers |
|
Scientific Title of Study
|
Effect of 6-week Shoulder Strengthening Exercises on Scapular Muscle Strength, Scapular Dyskinesis and Swim Performance in Asymptomatic Swimmers with Scapular Dyskinesis: A Quasi Experimental Study. |
| Trial Acronym |
NIL |
|
Secondary IDs if Any
|
| Secondary ID |
Identifier |
| NIL |
NIL |
|
|
Details of Principal Investigator or overall Trial Coordinator (multi-center study)
|
| Name |
Vishruti Gala |
| Designation |
Postgraduate student |
| Affiliation |
DY Patil School of Physiotherapy Nerul Navi Mumbai |
| Address |
School of Physiotherapy DY Patil University Nerul Navi Mumbai 400706 Maharashtra India
Thane
MAHARASHTRA
400706
India |
| Phone |
8369250293 |
| Fax |
|
| Email |
vishtrial27@gmail.com |
|
Details of Contact Person
Scientific Query
|
| Name |
Dr Dnyanesh Patil |
| Designation |
HOD of Electrotherapy and Electrodiagnosis |
| Affiliation |
DY Patil School of Physiotherapy Nerul Navi Mumbai |
| Address |
Dr Dnyanesh Patil Department of Electrotherapy and Electrodiagnosis 6th floor School of Physiotherapy DY Patil Deemed to be University Nerul Navi Mumbai Maharashtra India
Thane
MAHARASHTRA
400706
India |
| Phone |
9920661874 |
| Fax |
|
| Email |
dnyanesh.patil@dypatil.edu |
|
Details of Contact Person
Public Query
|
| Name |
Dr Dnyanesh Patil |
| Designation |
HOD of Electrotherapy and Electrodiagnosis |
| Affiliation |
DY Patil School of Physiotherapy Nerul Navi Mumbai |
| Address |
Dr Dnyanesh Patil Department of Electrotherapy and Electrodiagnosis 6th floor School of Physiotherapy DY Patil Deemed to be University Nerul Navi Mumbai Maharashtra India
Thane
MAHARASHTRA
400706
India |
| Phone |
9920661874 |
| Fax |
|
| Email |
dnyanesh.patil@dypatil.edu |
|
|
Source of Monetary or Material Support
|
| School of Physiotherapy, DY Patil deemed to be University Nerul Navi Mumbai 400706 Maharashtra India |
|
|
Primary Sponsor
|
| Name |
Vishruti Gala |
| Address |
School of Physiotherapy DY Patil deemed to be University Nerul Navi Mumbai 400706 Maharashtra India |
| Type of Sponsor |
Other [Self] |
|
|
Details of Secondary Sponsor
|
|
|
Countries of Recruitment
|
India |
|
Sites of Study
|
| No of Sites = 3 |
| Name of Principal
Investigator |
Name of Site |
Site Address |
Phone/Fax/Email |
| Coach Murgesh Murti |
Goregaon Sports Club |
Goregaon Sports Club, Mindspace, Malad West, Mumbai, Maharashtra- 400064
Mumbai (Suburban)
MAHARASHTRA |
9892693531
murgeshmk.murti@gmail.com |
| Coach Sandip Newalkar |
Prabodhankar Thackeray Krida Sankul |
Prabodhankar Thackeray Krida Sankul, Sahaji Raje Marg, Navpada, Vile Parle East, Mumbai- 400057
Mumbai (Suburban)
MAHARASHTRA |
9819771116
splashsports79@gmail.com |
| Coach Divesh Thakkar |
Shree Murbalidevi Swimming Pool |
Shree Murbalidevi Swimming Pool, Shukla Compound, Ashok Van, Dahisar East- 400068
Mumbai (Suburban)
MAHARASHTRA |
9619485896
diveshthakkar17@gmail.com |
|
|
Details of Ethics Committee
|
| No of Ethics Committees= 1 |
| Name of Committee |
Approval Status |
| The Institutional Ethics Committee for Biomedical and Health Research (IECBH) of Dr D Y Patil Medical College & Hospital, Navi Mumbai |
Approved |
|
|
Regulatory Clearance Status from DCGI
|
|
|
Health Condition / Problems Studied
|
| Health Type |
Condition |
| Healthy Human Volunteers |
Healthy Human Individuals
|
|
|
Intervention / Comparator Agent
|
| Type |
Name |
Details |
| Intervention |
Effect of 6-week Shoulder Strengthening Exercises on Scapular Muscle Strength, Scapular Dyskinesis and Swim Performance in Asymptomatic Swimmers with Scapular Dyskinesis: A Quasi Experimental Study. |
The intervention will begin with participant screening using the Scapular Dyskinesis Test (SDT) and individuals who test positive will undergo further assessment with the Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST) for scapular dyskinesis. Baseline muscle strength will then be evaluated using a push–pull dynamometer for key scapular stabilizers and rotator cuff muscles namely the serratus anterior, middle and lower trapezius, rhomboids,shoulder internal and external rotators. To prescribe an individualized training load, the one-repetition maximum (1RM) will be calculated for each exercise using colour-coded elastic resistance bands. Prior to testing, each band will be pre-stretched 50–100 times to standardize tension properties and ensure consistent resistance throughout the study. The same bands will be used for all participants to maintain uniformity. Testing will start with the lowest resistance (yellow band) and progress incrementally through higher resistance levels, allowing one minute of rest between attempts. Each trial will require a controlled movement through the full range of motion with a three-second isometric hold at the end position. Failure will be defined as inability to complete or hold the movement for the required time, in which case a second attempt will be performed after a one-minute rest. The standardized 1RM testing positions will include: (a)Internal rotators with the shoulder in the scapular plane at 90° elevation and elbow flexed 90°; (b)External rotation with the shoulder in the sagittal plane, elbow flexed 90°, moving to full external rotation; (c)Serratus anterior activation with wall slides from 90° to 180° shoulder abduction emphasizing upward rotation; (d)Lower trapezius testing with prone Y-raise at 160° abduction against resistance; (e)Middle trapezius testing with prone horizontal abduction at 90° with scapular retraction; (f)Rhomboid testing with prone scapular retraction at 90° abduction and 90° elbow flexion. After baseline data collection, participants will undergo a six-week progressive shoulder strengthening program, with three supervised sessions per week. Each session will begin with a 5–10 minute dynamic warm-up including mobility drills and low-intensity activation exercises. Training will start at one level below each participant’s 1RM for each muscle group, using the appropriate colour-coded band, and will be progressively overloaded every two weeks following the band hierarchy (yellow, red, green, blue, black, silver, gold).Volume load will also be increased across the training period, starting with 2 sets of 8 repetitions during weeks 1–2, progressing to 3 sets of 10 repetitions in weeks 3–4, and 4 sets of 12 repetitions in weeks 5–6. All exercises will be performed with controlled concentric and eccentric phases, focusing on maintaining proper scapular alignment and avoiding compensatory movements. |
| Comparator Agent |
NIL |
NIL |
|
|
Inclusion Criteria
|
| Age From |
12.00 Year(s) |
| Age To |
18.00 Year(s) |
| Gender |
Both |
| Details |
1. Subjects identified with scapular dyskinesia
2. Age 12 -18yrs
3. Males and female competitive swimmers
|
|
| ExclusionCriteria |
| Details |
1. Subjects with any present upper quadrant musculoskeletal injuries.
2. Presence of any neuromuscular(like nerve palsy,neuropathies) or cardiopulmonary conditions.
3. Swimmers participating with multiple sports: waterpolo, triathlon athletes.
4. Those who did not complete minimum of 15 out of 18 sessions.
|
|
|
Method of Generating Random Sequence
|
Not Applicable |
|
Method of Concealment
|
Not Applicable |
|
Blinding/Masking
|
Open Label |
|
Primary Outcome
|
| Outcome |
TimePoints |
Scapular Dyskinesis Test- The test will begin with participants standing with arms, sides elbow extended and shoulder in a neutral position. They were instructed to raise both the arms overhead to their maximum range within a 3-second count in a thumbs-up position followed by a controlled 3-second lowering.
Lateral scapular slide test- Measurements are taken from the inferior angle of the scapula to the spinous process of the thoracic vertebra along with the same horizontal plane. In position 1, the shoulders are in neutral position with the arms relaxed at the sides in position 2, the humerus is medially rotated and abducted to 45 degrees with the hand placed around the waist. In position 3, the humorous is maximally medially rotated and abducted to 90 degrees. Test is considered positive if the bilateral difference in measurements is equal to or greater than 1.5cm.
Strength Testing- This will be done using the push-pull dynamometer.
Stroke index |
Scapular Dyskinesis test- Will be assessed at the baseline i.e. Day 1 and after intervention week 6.
Lateral Scapular slide test- Will be assessed at the baseline i.e. Day 1 and after intervention week 6.
Strength testing- Will be assessed at the baseline i.e. Day 1 and after intervention week 6.
Stroke index- Will be assessed at the baseline i.e. Day 1 and after intervention week 6.
|
|
|
Secondary Outcome
|
| Outcome |
TimePoints |
| NIL |
NIL |
|
|
Target Sample Size
|
Total Sample Size="52"
Sample Size from India="52"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (Total)= "49"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (India)="56" |
|
Phase of Trial
|
N/A |
|
Date of First Enrollment (India)
|
21/11/2026 |
| Date of Study Completion (India) |
17/02/2026 |
| Date of First Enrollment (Global) |
Date Missing |
| Date of Study Completion (Global) |
Date Missing |
|
Estimated Duration of Trial
|
Years="0"
Months="6"
Days="0" |
|
Recruitment Status of Trial (Global)
|
Not Applicable |
| Recruitment Status of Trial (India) |
Completed |
|
Publication Details
|
N/A |
|
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement
|
Will individual participant data (IPD) be shared publicly (including data dictionaries)?
Response - NO
|
|
Brief Summary
|
Scapular dyskinesis, is common among competitive swimmers due to repetitive overhead movements, leading to impaired performance and increased injury risk. Strengthening of the scapular stabilizing muscles plays a crucial role in improving shoulder function and enhancing stroke efficiency in swimmers. The study aims to evaluate the effect of a 6-week shoulder strengthening program on scapular muscle strength, scapular dyskinesis, and swimming performance in competitive swimmers aged 12–18 years. Swimmers with scapular dyskinesis will be recruited through screening using the Scapular Dyskinesis Test and confirmed with the Lateral Scapular Slide Test.
Inclusion Criteria: Competitive swimmers aged 12–18 years, males and females, identified with scapular dyskinesis. Exclusion Criteria: Swimmers with upper quadrant musculoskeletal injuries, neurological or cardiopulmonary conditions, those participating in multiple sports (e.g., water polo, triathlon), or those not completing at least 15/18 sessions.
Baseline assessments will include: 1. Muscle strength using a Push–Pull Dynamometer for shoulder internal rotators and external rotators, serratus anterior, lower trapezius, middle trapezius, and rhomboids 2. 1RM testing for shoulder internal rotators and external rotators, serratus anterior, lower trapezius, middle trapezius, and rhomboids for evaluating the baseline strength to begin with the training. 3. Stroke efficiency calculated by Stroke Index.
Methodology- The test will be initiated with the Scapular Dyskinesis Test, and positive subjects will be further tested with the Lateral Scapular Slide Test. Strength of middle and lower trapezius, serratus anterior, rhomboids, shoulder internal and external rotators will be assessed with a push-pull dynamometer. One-repetition maximum for all exercise prescribed. RM) will be determined Pre-stretching elastic bands to 50-100 times of standardized will stabilize mechanical properties and use the same set of elastic bands for all tests. Resistance testing begins with the yellow band and increases incrementally, with a one-minute rest after each level and a 3-second isometric hold as the ending position. Failure was determined as inability to complete or maintain movement, with a repeat trial allowed after rest. Verbal cues and visual feedback will be given continuously for orderly movement patterns. Standardized 1RM testing protocols will be performed for internal rotation, external rotation, serratus anterior, lower trapezius, middle trapezius, and rhomboids by using resistance bands in standardized positions. All pre-test measurements will be taken prior to intervention. After baseline measurements, the participants will then attend a six-week shoulder strengthening regimen, with every session followed by a 5-10-minute dynamic stretching and mobility warm-up. volume load for training will start at one level below each participant’s 1RM for each muscle group, using the appropriate colour-coded band, and will be progressively overloaded every two weeks following the band colour hierarchy (yellow, red, green, blue, black, silver, gold). Volume load will also be increased across the training period, starting with 2 sets of 8 repetitions during weeks 1–2, progressing to 3 sets of 10 repetitions in weeks 3–4, and 4 sets of 12 repetitions in weeks 5–6.
Post-intervention the outcomes will be reassessed to determine changes in scapular muscle strength, scapular control, and swim stroke efficiency.
|