Melasma is a common skin disorder characterized by symmetrical brown patches on the face, especially on the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. It affects both genders but is more prevalent in women of reproductive age with darker skin tones. The term melasma is derived from the Greek word melas meaning black. In Unani medicine, it is known as Kalf and is thought to be caused by the accumulation of melancholic blood beneath the skin.

While the exact cause of melasma is unclear, contributing factors include genetics, sun exposure, pregnancy, and use of oral contraceptives or photosensitizing drugs. Conventional treatments involve topical agents like hydroquinone and chemical procedures such as peels and lasers. However, these methods often produce inconsistent results and may cause side effects like skin irritation or pigmentation.

This study aims to scientifically evaluate a traditional Unani treatment Zimad made from powdered Alsi and sugarcane vinegar. Patients will be randomly divided into three groups Test Group A will use only Zimad Test Group B will use Zimad with microdermabrasion and the Control Group will use glycolic acid 6 percent cream. The goal is to assess the effectiveness and safety of Unani treatment as a cost effective and side effect free alternative for managing melasma.