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CTRI Number  CTRI/2026/03/105552 [Registered on: 06/03/2026] Trial Registered Prospectively
Last Modified On: 03/03/2026
Post Graduate Thesis  Yes 
Type of Trial  Interventional 
Type of Study   Physiotherapy (Not Including YOGA) 
Study Design  Other 
Public Title of Study   Finding the best exercises to reduce knee pain and improve everyday activities in young adults with patellofemoral pain 
Scientific Title of Study   Comparative effectiveness of hip strengthening core stability and ankle foot exercises on pain and function in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome 
Trial Acronym  NIL 
Secondary IDs if Any  
Secondary ID  Identifier 
NIL  NIL 
 
Details of Principal Investigator or overall Trial Coordinator (multi-center study)  
Name  Sharwari KL 
Designation  Post Graduate Student 
Affiliation  RV College of Physiotherapy 
Address  Musculoskeletal Sciences MPT RV College of Physiotherapy

Bangalore
KARNATAKA
560011
India 
Phone  9480769869  
Fax    
Email  sharwari2044.s2@gmail.com  
 
Details of Contact Person
Scientific Query  
Name  Dr Paul Daniel V K 
Designation  Professor 
Affiliation  RV College of Physiotherapy 
Address  Musculoskeletal Sciences PhD RV College of Physiotherapy

Bangalore
KARNATAKA
560011
India 
Phone  9008173167  
Fax    
Email  pauldanielvk.rvcp@rvei.edu.in  
 
Details of Contact Person
Public Query  
Name  Dr Paul Daniel V K 
Designation  Professor 
Affiliation  RV College of Physiotherapy 
Address  Musculoskeletal Sciences PhD RV College of Physiotherapy

Bangalore
KARNATAKA
560011
India 
Phone  9008173167  
Fax    
Email  pauldanielvk.rvcp@rvei.edu.in  
 
Source of Monetary or Material Support  
RV College of Physiotherapy No.CA 2, 83-3, 9th Main Rd, 4th T Block East, 4th Block, Jayanagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 560011 
 
Primary Sponsor  
Name  Sharwari KL 
Address  MF 51 2 Opp to PWD Qtrs 3rd cross Nandini Layout, Bengaluru, India 560096 
Type of Sponsor  Other [Self] 
 
Details of Secondary Sponsor  
Name  Address 
NIL  NIL 
 
Countries of Recruitment     India  
Sites of Study  
No of Sites = 3  
Name of Principal Investigator  Name of Site  Site Address  Phone/Fax/Email 
Dr Phaneesha Magge Subraya  Ananya Hospital  389 44 19th Main Rd 1st Block Rajajinagar Bengaluru
Bangalore
KARNATAKA 		 9980329993

info@ananyahospital.in 
Dr Lokesh M  Lokesh Bone and Ortho Clinic  No 446 circle Jai Maruthi Nagar Nandini Layout Bengaluru
Bangalore
KARNATAKA 		 9902992425

drloky76@yahoo.co.in 
Dr Paul Daniel V K  R V College of Physiotherapy  No.CA 2 83 3 9th Main Rd 4th T Block East 4th Block Jayanagar Bengaluru
Bangalore
KARNATAKA 		 9008173167

pauldanielvk.rvcp@rvei.edu.in 
 
Details of Ethics Committee  
No of Ethics Committees= 1  
Name of Committee  Approval Status 
Institutional Ethics Committee of R V College of Physiotherapy  Approved 
 
Regulatory Clearance Status from DCGI  
Status 
Not Applicable 
 
Health Condition / Problems Studied  
Health Type  Condition 
Patients  (1) ICD-10 Condition: M998||Other biomechanical lesions,  
 
Intervention / Comparator Agent  
Type  Name  Details 
Comparator Agent  Ankle foot exercises  WEEK 1 & WEEK 2 • Calf raises • Toe raises • Ankle inversion • Ankle eversion • Foot doming WEEK 3 & WEEK 4 • Eccentric calf raises • Resisted dorsiflexion • Ankle inversion (band) • Ankle eversion (band) • Foot doming (hold) WEEK 5 & WEEK 6 • Single leg calf raises • Resisted dorsiflexion • Ankle inversion (band) • Ankle eversion (band) • Short foot exercises 
Comparator Agent  Core Stability Exercises  WEEK 1 & WEEK 2 • Back isometrics • Pelvic bridging • Plank hold • Dead bug • Russian twists WEEK 3 & WEEK 4 • Back extensions • Pelvic bridging (weighted) • Plank hold (30 secs) • Toe taps • Bicycle crunches WEEK 5 & WEEK 6 • Pelvic bridging (weighted) • Dynamic plank • Russian twists (weighted) • Back extensions • Bicycle crunches 
Intervention  Hip strengthening exercises  WEEK 1 & WEEK 2 • Straight leg raises • Hip abduction (side lying) • Clamshell • Hip extension (standing) • Hip external rotation (band) WEEK 3 & WEEK 4 • Straight leg raises (weight cuff) • Hip abduction (weight cuff) • Clamshell (band) • Hip extension (weight cuff) • Hip external rotation (band) WEEK 5 & WEEK 6 • Standing hip flexion (weight cuff) • Standing hip abduction (weight cuff) • Clamshell (band) • Fire hydrants • Hip external rotation (band) 
 
Inclusion Criteria  
Age From  19.00 Year(s)
Age To  35.00 Year(s)
Gender  Both 
Details  1. Pain with VAS score 3 to 7
2. Subjects having at least 5 of the 7 following symptoms are diagnosed for unilateral PFPS
a. A positive apprehension test.
b. Patellofemoral joint crepitus elicited on palpation when the knee is flexed from extension.
c. Retro patellar aching pain after activities such as climbing and descending stairs, hopping, running, squatting, kneeling, and prolonged sitting.
d. Distal thigh girth of the uninvolved leg should be greater than 1.635cm than the involved thigh.
e. The knee gives way on stepping down, twice within the last 12 months and not to be confused with sudden locking or giving away that occurs with meniscal injuries.
f. Patella facet sensitivity on palpation.
g. Retro-patellar pain for a minimum of 10 days but not longer than 48 months. 
 
ExclusionCriteria 
Details  1. Self-reported other knee pathology, such as cartilage injury or ligamentous/ meniscal tear
2. A history of knee surgery within the last year
3. A self-reported history of patella dislocations or subluxations in the last 6 months
4. Any other concurrent significant injury/ trauma affecting the lower-extremity
5. Patellar tendinitis or bursitis, in the previous 6 months
6. Knee pain or joint effusion due to Rheumatic diseases
7. Any neurological conditions in the lower limbs 
 
Method of Generating Random Sequence   Not Applicable 
Method of Concealment   Not Applicable 
Blinding/Masking   Not Applicable 
Primary Outcome  
Outcome  TimePoints 
1. Pain (VAS)
2. Function (AKPS) 		 1. Pre Intervention- At baseline
2. Post Intervention- At 6 weeks 
 
Secondary Outcome  
Outcome  TimePoints 
Nil  Nil 
 
Target Sample Size   Total Sample Size="105"
Sample Size from India="105" 
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (Total)= "Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (India)="Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials" 
Phase of Trial   N/A 
Date of First Enrollment (India)   17/03/2026 
Date of Study Completion (India) Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials 
Date of First Enrollment (Global)  Date Missing 
Date of Study Completion (Global) Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials 
Estimated Duration of Trial   Years="0"
Months="6"
Days="0" 
Recruitment Status of Trial (Global)   Open to Recruitment 
Recruitment Status of Trial (India)  Open to Recruitment 
Publication Details   N/A 
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement

Will individual participant data (IPD) be shared publicly (including data dictionaries)?  

Response - NO
Brief Summary  

This comparative study is designed to evaluate and contrast the effects of three region specific rehabilitation protocols hip strengthening core stability and ankle foot exercises on pain intensity and functional performance in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Participants diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome will be allocated to one of the three exercise groups and will undergo a structured and progressive exercise program for six weeks. Pain and functional outcomes will be measured using the Visual Analog Scale and the Anterior Knee Pain Scale before and after the intervention. The primary purpose of the protocol is to determine which exercise approach produces the greatest improvement in pain reduction and functional ability. The study hypothesizes that significant differences will exist among the three exercise protocols with hip core or ankle focused exercises demonstrating varying levels of effectiveness in managing patellofemoral pain syndrome.

 
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