Vestibulopathy, characterized by dysfunction of the vestibular system, often results in clinical symptoms such as dizziness, imbalance, unsteady gait, and an increased risk of falls (Smith et

al., 2020). This condition may arise from a variety of etiologies, including vestibular neuritis, Meniere’s disease, bilateral vestibular loss, and central vestibular disorders (Jones et al., 2019).

In older adults and individuals with neurological comorbidities, vestibulopathy significantly contributes to fall risk, leading to diminished independence, reduced quality of life, and

heightened healthcare costs due to fall-related injuries (Lee et al., 2021). The vestibular system, working in close coordination with the visual and proprioceptive systems, is essential for

maintaining postural control and spatial orientation (Chen et al., 2018). When this system is impaired, the brain’s ability to integrate sensory input for balance is disrupted. Conventional

vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT)—including habituation, gaze stabilization, and balance training—has demonstrated efficacy in improving function (Brown et al., 2020). However, a

notable subset of patients continues to experience instability and recurrent falls, particularly when therapy is not tailored to individual needs or specific environments (Miller et al., 2022).

Emerging research suggests that adapted vestibular exercises—designed to match the patient’s functional level, environmental context, and unique impairment profile—may improve

adherence, increase engagement, and lead to more favorable clinical outcomes (Garcia et al.,2021). However, empirical data assessing their effectiveness in reducing fall risk among

individuals with vestibulopathy remain limited. There is also a need to evaluate how modifications in exercise intensity, sensory conditions, and task complexity affect balance

performance and fall risk. Given the rising prevalence of vestibular disorders, especially in aging populations.