Oral cancer ranks as the third most prevalent cancer among both sexes in the country is with high disease related mortality and morbidity. It is the most common cancer among men, accounting for 15.6% of all cases, and the fourth most common among women, making up 5% of all cancers.  The incidence of oral cancer is India is reported to be 1,413,316, with a 5-year prevalence of 3,258,518 case as per GLOBOCON 2022. The 5-year survival rate for early-stage oral cancer is around 90%, but it drops to 59%-60% for advanced stages. In metastatic cases, the survival rate is 52% for the lip and 20% for the floor of the mouth. These statistics highlight the importance of early detection and treatment to improve survival rates. Early detection of any cancer can result in: higher survival rates, less aggressive treatment with better treatment outcomes, cost-effectiveness. Early detection can reduce the overall cost of healthcare by avoiding more complex and costly treatments.

The identification of protein markers that can predict the risk of malignant transformation in pre malignant lesions/conditions is a crucial area of research in oncology. By detecting these markers early, healthcare providers can intervene sooner, potentially improving patient outcomes and reducing the morbidity of the disease. This approach could lead to more personalized treatment plans, better survival rates, and a decrease in the overall burden of cancer on patients and healthcare systems.