Primary dysmenorrhea (PD), characterized by severe menstrual pain in the absence of pelvic pathology, is a pervasive yet neglected public health issue affecting 50–90% of menstruating individuals, predominantly adolescents and young women. Beyond its impact on physical health, primary dysmenorrhea also affects psychosocial well-being, academic performance, and daily activities. Research has associated it with absenteeism, decreased productivity, and a higher likelihood of anxiety and depression. Despite its prevalence, PD remains underprioritized in healthcare systems, often dismissed as a “normal” part of menstruation. Current first-line treatments, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hormonal contraceptives, focus on symptom suppression but carry risks like gastrointestinal ulcers, cardiovascular complications, and hormonal side effects. These interventions reflect a reductionist biomedical model that overlooks the interconnected biopsychosocial drivers of PD, including chronic stress, inflammation, and hormonal imbalances. This gap underscores an urgent need for holistic, sustainable, and culturally resonant solutions that address root causes while empowering women to reclaim agency over their health. Yoga rooted in philosophy of harmonizing mind, body, and spirit, yoga integrates physical postures (asanas), breath regulation (pranayama), and meditation (dhyana) to promote holistic well-being. Emerging evidence suggests the yoga ‘s potential in reducing stress, menstrual pain, modulating pain and inflammatory pathways and balancing hormones (like cortisol and progesterone). Despite this, critical gaps remain in existing research, as most studies primarily focus on symptom relief (such as pain reduction), while offering limited insight into the underlying biochemical and hormonal mechanisms, including prostaglandins, inflammatory markers and progesterone imbalance, which are key factors in primary dysmenorrhea. These studies, while useful, either isolate certain components of yoga or combine them with non-yogic intervention, leaving a considerable void in assessing yoga’s holistic potential. However, these yoga protocols for primary dysmenorrhea lack standardization, cultural specificity, and rigorous validation, limiting their clinical adoption. This project addresses these gaps by co-designing a culturally grounded, evidence-based integrated yoga module with traditional practitioners and biomedical experts, ensuring alignments of traditional wisdom with modern science. By validating yoga’s efficacy through biochemical and psychosocial metrics, it advances mechanistic understanding of mind-body interventions. Through feasibility testing and a subsequent randomized controlled trial (RCT), the project will explore yoga’s impact on prostaglandins, cytokines, cortisol, and progesterone, elucidating how it disrupts PD pathophysiology. This translational approach not only strengthens yoga’s credibility as an evidence-based therapy but also informs broader applications for inflammatory and stress-related conditions. Additionally, the intervention empowers women to participate fully in academic and professional spheres as primary dysmenorrhea disproportionately impacts young women during critical educational and career-building years.