The aim of the study is to  assess and compare the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Fluoride Varnish with Xylitol and Fluoride Varnish with CPP-ACP in children with Early Childhood Caries. No In Vivo studies have been done for the age group 3-6 years, with Early Childhood Caries comparing Fluorodose and MI varnishes. Therefore, the need of the study is to check the antimicrobial effect of these fluoride varnishes as a preventive measure in children with ECC.

Methodology: Enrollment of all the participants will be done after they have met the inclusion criteria. The sample size is 22 participants in each group. Randomization will be done through computer-generated sequence (RESEARCH RANDOMIZER) and participants will be allotted to one of the two groups-Group A: FluoroDose Varnish with Xylitol and Group B: MI Varnish  with CPP-ACP. The plaque sample will be collected from 9-11 AM ; from the following four sites using separate toothpicks for the four sites for all the groups: Maxillary right molar – buccal surface, Maxillary incisor – labial surface, Mandibular incisor – labial surface and Mandibular left molar – lingual surface. The four tooth picks will be then placed in a single test tube with 1 ml of sterile saline and Streptococcus mutans colonies will be counted by streaking the samples on prepared mitis salivarius agar plates. After baseline plaque samples will be obtained from each participant, varnish application will be carried out for each participant in the respective groups with the applicator tips using paint on brush technique and as per the manufacturer’s instruction manual. The participants will be recalled for follow up at 3 and 6 months interval for the plaque sample collection and microbiological analysis .