BRIEF RESUME OF INTENDED WORK
NEED FOR STUDY
Every effect has cause behind it. Even
discovery of our great science of homeopathy is based on event when our MASTER
DR.HAHNEMMAN discovered the effect of cinchona bark on healthy human being
while translating William Cullen Book Named A Treatise on Materia Medica from
English to German in year of 1790. Then he searched for the cause and he
discovered the principle of homeopathy i.e. law of similia. Likewise, many
discoveries have been done in search for causes irrespective of medical field
i.e. the Discovery of Newtonian law by falling of an apple. You may ask why we
have to investigate for cause in every disease especially exciting cause?
Because an illness can represents itself by a perceptible sign and symptoms
although the internal deranged nature is hidden within the man. As in
homeopathy we give great importance to origin of melody and characteristic
features of an individual in the treatment of disease. So, by identifying an
exciting cause and understanding its value in treatment of disease helps a man
to heal.
Now, what are these factors responsible for man
in disease and how they affect man? As we know that an individual is made up of
two parts:
1.The Inner man and
2.The Outer man
The Inner man is our vital force including his
hereditary miasms, diathesis etc. While the outer man is made up of his own
external surroundings, life styles etc. In healthy condition of man, these
outer man and inner man is interconnected to each other. The exogenous factors
which triggers illness in healthy person by onset of signs and symptoms named
as exciting cause as mentioned in aphorism no.5 of Organon of Medicine. Yet,
these exciting cause not produce disease directly but it produce disease on response
of an individual to his external environment which leads to derangement of
vital force.
Yes, one may think that how they help
homeopathic physician in prescription especially in acute ones? Now, these
derangement of vital force otherwise if not treated with homeopathic medicine
may cause injuries effect to life of patient i.e. acute condition may progress
to chronic disease in patient. Additionally, these exciting causes are one of
the components of complete symptoms which when strong and peculiar, helps in
selection of remedy. Therefore, if we treat the patient by considering these
factors in our prescription, it will restore the disease of patient from sick
to health. So, it is most important for homeopathic physician to be aware about
these type of causes which can disturb the health of patient and make them
sick.
Pharyngitis is the inflammation of mucus
membrane from various aetiological factors i.e. bacteria, virus etc.
Pharyngitis is the most common disorder in adults and children, with more than
10 million ambulatories visits per year. Viruses are most common causes of
pharyngitis and accounts for 25 to 45 percentages of all cases. Poor housing
conditions and indoor pollution contribute to the increased prevalence of sore
throat.
Homeopathic treatment of pharyngitis based on
treating the patient as a whole by enquiring into factors affecting the
individual i.e. food, climate, etc. In most of cases, these external factors
troubling the patients with pharyngitis and let him come to physician. As a
Homeopathic physician our duty is to find out an exciting cause in individual
in every cases of pharyngitis in order to heal patient from within not only by
considering only external manifestation of disease but also enquiring the
underlying cause of a disease. These serves holistic healing to every
pharyngitis patients.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
DEFINITION OF PHARYNGITIS
Pharyngitis is defined as the inflammation of
the pharynx, hypopharynx, uvula and tonsils.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Pharyngitis is the most common disorder in
adults and children, with more than 10 million ambulatories visits per year.
Viruses are most common causes of pharyngitis
and accounts for 25 to 45 percentages of all cases.
TYPES
ACUTE PHARYNGITIS
AETIOLOGY
Viral: Rhinovirus, Influenza, Measles and chicken
pox, Infectious mononucleosis.
Bacterial: Group A beta haemolytic streptococcus,
Diphtheria.
Fungal: Candida albicans, Monilia.
CLINICAL FEATURES
It may occurs in different grades of severity.
Milder infection: Discomfort in throat, malaise and
low grade fever. Pharynx is congested but there is no lymphadenopathy.
Moderate and severe infection: Pain in throat,
dysphagia, headache, malaise, high fever. Pharynx shows erythema, exudate,
enlargement of tonsils and lymphoid follicles on posterior pharyngeal wall.
Very severe infection: oedema of soft palate and
uvula with enlargement of cervical lymph nodes.
CHRONIC PHARYNGITIS
It is a chronic inflammatory condition of the
pharynx. Pathologically, it is characterised by hypertrophy of mucosa,
seromucinous glands, sub epithelial lymphoid follicles and even the muscular
coat of the pharynx.
AETIOLOGY
A large number of factors are responsible:
Persistent infection in neighbourhood: ex. Chronic
rhinitis, etc.
Mouth breathing: It includes nasal polypi,
adenoids, etc.
Chronic irritants: excessive smoking, chewing of
tobacco and pan, etc.
Environmental pollution: irritant industrial fumes,
etc.
Faulty voice production: excessive use of voice in
certain professionals.
CLINICAL FEATURES
Severity of symptoms in chronic pharyngitis varies
from person to person.
Discomfort or pain in throat.
Foreign body sensation in throat.
Tiredness of voice
Cough
Congestion of posterior pharyngeal wall.
Uvula become elongated and appear oedematous.
DIAGNOSIS OF PHARYNGITIS
Clinical features and physical examination of oral
cavity is useful for diagnosing pharyngitis.
TREATMENT
In every case of chronic pharyngitis, aetiological
factor should be sought and eradicated.
Voice rest and speech therapy is essential for
those with faulty voice production.
Hawking, clearing the throat frequently or any
other such habit should be stopped.
Warm saline gargles, especially in the morning, are
soothing and relieve discomfort.
VIEW OF MASTER HAHNEMANN ON CAUSE OF DISEASE
According to Master Hahnemann, there are three
causes of diseases:
1.Exciting cause
2.Fundamental cause
3.Maintaining cause
In which, he mentioned exciting and fundamental
cause in aphorism 5 and maintaining cause in aphorism 7 in organon of medicine.
THE EXCITING CAUSE:
APHORISM 5: Useful to the physician in assisting
him to cure are the particulars of the most probable exciting causes of the
acute diseases, as also the most significant points in the whole history of
the chronic disease, to enable him to discover its fundamental cause, …are to
be taken into consideration.
It can be defined as the cause that excites disease
condition, either acute disease or acute exacerbation of chronic diseases.
Master Hahnemann in aphorism 73 gives examples of
exciting causes:
APHORISM 73: As regards acute diseases, they are
either of such a kind as attack human beings individually, the exciting
causes being injurious influences to which they were particularly exposed.
Excesses in food, or an insufficient supply of it, severe physical impressions,
chills, overheatings, dissipation, strains, etc., or physical irritations,
mental emotions, and the like, are the exciting causes of such acute febrile
affections,…the Asiatic cholera, etc.
TYPES OF EXCITING CAUSE
Physical: Physical and environmental conditions
like exposure to excess heat or cold, thunderstorm, intake of excess or lack of
food, etc.
Mechanical: Damages caused by physical trauma. Ex:
injuries, accidents, burns and insect bites, etc.
Nervous: Psychological reasons like fear, shock,
jealousy, grief and over joy etc.
Hygienic: Food poisoning, pollution and lack of
personal and social hygiene.
IMPORTANCE OF EXCITING CAUSE
1.Helps in selecting medicine both in acute and
chronic diseases.
2.The proper understanding of exciting cause
also helps to avoid those influences in future.
3.Removal of exciting cause helps to restore
health in Indisposition.
REVIEW OF STALWARTS
J.T.KENT: According to Dr. Kent, the probable
exciting cause is the inflowing of the cause as an invisible, immaterial
substance, which flows from centre to outer economy. Acute diseases exist from
specific cause and their influences might exist in atmosphere.
There are many stalwarts like Dr. H. A. Robert,
Dr. Stuart close, Dr. C. M. Boger etc. also gives some idea about exciting
cause.
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
1.To identify the factors or agents that
triggers acute pharyngitis.
2.To understand different types of exciting
causes in patient suffering from acute pharyngitis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
SOURCE OF DATA
Project site:
O.P.D. and I.P.D. of C.D.Pachchigar College of
Homeopathic Medicine and Hospital, Near Navjivan Circle, Udhana Magdalla Road,
Surat.
Peripheral centre O.P.D. allotted by
C.D.Pachchigar College of Homeopathic Medicine and Hospital, Near Navjivan
Circle, Udhana Magdalla Road, Surat.
MATERIAL
Materials utilized in study consist of:
Standard case taking format of C.D.Pachchigar
College of Homeopathic Medicine and Hospital, Near Navjivan Circle, Udhana
Magdalla Road, Surat.
Homeopathic computer software : RADAR OPUS
3.3.24, COMPLETE DYNAMICS and other homeopathic softwares.
Books: All homeopathic and allied literature
and source books related to my topic.
Websites, Articles and Journals (if any)
Any Software for Statistical Analysis, if
required.
Data analysis:
Case taking will be done according to
guidelines of Master Hahnemann as per case record format.
After proper analysis and evaluation, totality
of symptoms will be formed including specific causation.
Selection of remedy will be done on bases of
totality of symptoms either from repertorial or non repertorial approach.
Selection of potency and repetition will be
done as per requirement of case.
Administration of remedy will be done according
to guidelines given by Dr. Hahnemann in organon of medicine.
The follow up of cases will be taken as per
requirement of cases.
Response will be analysed into following
criteria:
Significance improvement: Sensation of general
well being of patient physically and mentally with disappearance of all the
symptoms.
Mild improvement: Decrease in intensity or
severity of symptoms with general wellbeing of patient.
Not improved: No change in presenting complain. |