| CTRI Number |
CTRI/2025/08/092905 [Registered on: 12/08/2025] Trial Registered Prospectively |
| Last Modified On: |
11/08/2025 |
| Post Graduate Thesis |
Yes |
| Type of Trial |
Interventional |
|
Type of Study
|
Yoga & Naturopathy
Physiotherapy (Not Including YOGA) |
| Study Design |
Other |
|
Public Title of Study
|
Dand exercise vs. Standard Push-Ups: Which Is Better for Muscle Strength, Stress Relief, and Heart Health in Young Individuals?
|
|
Scientific Title of Study
|
A Study to Determine the Effects of Standard Push-Ups Versus Dand Exercise on Core and Upper Extremity Strength, Oxidative Stress Markers, and Autonomic
Balance in Healthy Young Individuals
|
| Trial Acronym |
NIL |
|
Secondary IDs if Any
|
| Secondary ID |
Identifier |
| NIL |
NIL |
|
|
Details of Principal Investigator or overall Trial Coordinator (multi-center study)
|
| Name |
Ranjeeta V Dyavannavar |
| Designation |
Postgraduate student |
| Affiliation |
SDM College of physiotherapy |
| Address |
OPD number 5 Musculoskeletal disorders Physiotherapy Department SDM College of Physiotherapy SDM college of medical Sciences and Hospital Manjushree Nagar Sattur Dharwad KARNATAKA 580009
Dharwad
KARNATAKA
580009
India |
| Phone |
8105144334 |
| Fax |
|
| Email |
ranjeetadyavannavar111@gmail.com |
|
Details of Contact Person
Scientific Query
|
| Name |
Ranjeeta V Dyavannavar |
| Designation |
Postgraduate student |
| Affiliation |
SDM College of physiotherapy |
| Address |
OPD number 5 Musculoskeletal disorders Physiotherapy Department SDM College of Physiotherapy SDM college of medical Sciences and Hospital Manjushree Nagar Sattur Dharwad KARNATAKA 580009
Dharwad
KARNATAKA
580009
India |
| Phone |
8105144334 |
| Fax |
|
| Email |
ranjeetadyavannavar111@gmail.com |
|
Details of Contact Person
Public Query
|
| Name |
Dr Sunil K M |
| Designation |
Professor |
| Affiliation |
SDM College of physiotherapy |
| Address |
OPD number 5 Musculoskeletal disorders Physiotherapy Department SDM College of Physiotherapy SDM college of medical Sciences and Hospital Manjushree Nagar Sattur Dharwad KARNATAKA 580009
Dharwad
KARNATAKA
580009
India |
| Phone |
9880260626 |
| Fax |
|
| Email |
sunilkm789@gmail.com |
|
|
Source of Monetary or Material Support
|
| SDM College of Physiotherapy SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hoapital Manjushree Nagar Sattur Dharwad Dharwad KARNATAKA 580009 India
India
|
|
|
Primary Sponsor
|
| Name |
Ranjeeta V Dyavannavar |
| Address |
SDM College of Physiotherapy SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hoapital Manjushree Nagar Sattur Dharwad Dharwad KARNATAKA 580009
India
|
| Type of Sponsor |
Other [Self] |
|
|
Details of Secondary Sponsor
|
|
|
Countries of Recruitment
|
India |
|
Sites of Study
|
| No of Sites = 1 |
| Name of Principal
Investigator |
Name of Site |
Site Address |
Phone/Fax/Email |
| Dr Ranjeeta V Dyavannavar |
Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara hospita |
Musculoskeletal disorders Physiotherapy Department OPD number 5 Manjushree Nagar Sattur Dharwad Karnataka Dharwad KARNATAKA
Dharwad
KARNATAKA |
08105144334
ranjeetadyavannavar111@gmail.com |
|
|
Details of Ethics Committee
|
| No of Ethics Committees= 1 |
| Name of Committee |
Approval Status |
| Institutional Ethics Committee |
Approved |
|
|
Regulatory Clearance Status from DCGI
|
|
|
Health Condition / Problems Studied
|
| Health Type |
Condition |
| Healthy Human Volunteers |
Healthy young Individuals |
|
|
Intervention / Comparator Agent
|
| Type |
Name |
Details |
| Intervention |
Musculoskeletal disorders push-ups and Dand exercise with routine physiotherapy care |
The intervention is structured into two distinct groups, each following a different exercise protocol over 8 weeks, aiming to improve physical performance parameters such as strength, endurance, and flexibility. Group A performs standard push-ups, beginning with 3 sets of 6 repetitions in the first week. The repetitions are progressively increased each week, reaching up to 3 sets of 13 repetitions by the end of the 8th week. This form of exercise primarily targets the chest, shoulders, triceps, and core muscles, emphasizing upper body strength and muscular endurance. In contrast, Group B engages in traditional Dand exercises, a dynamic, compound bodyweight movement rooted in Indian physical culture. These exercises are performed under the supervision of a certified yoga therapist to ensure correct technique and progression. The number of sets and repetitions is systematically increased every two weeks based on the individual’s performance and tolerance. Dand exercises involve coordinated movement of the entire body, combining strength, flexibility, and rhythm, which helps not only in developing upper body and core strength, but also significantly enhances spinal and joint mobility, coordination, and cardiovascular endurance due to their continuous, flowing nature. Each session for both groups begins with a structured 10-minute warm-up that includes breathing exercises to calm and prepare the nervous system, arm circles and shoulder rotations to mobilize the shoulder complex, wall push-ups and knee push-ups to activate upper body muscles with minimal load, and a plank hold to engage and warm up the core stabilizers. These activities gradually prepare the muscles and joints for the main workout, reducing the risk of injury and enhancing performance. After completing the main exercise session, participants perform cool-down activities lasting around 10 minutes, which include static stretching of the major muscle groups to reduce post-exercise muscle tightness and improve flexibility, followed by foam rolling, a self-myofascial release technique that aids in muscle recovery, relieves soreness, and improves circulation. Overall, both protocols aim to build functional strength, but the inclusion of Dand provides additional benefits due to its full-body, rhythmic movements that integrate strength with flexibility and aerobic conditioning. |
| Comparator Agent |
Routine physiotherapy care with
exercises |
The physiotherapy routine care begins with a structured warm-up that lasts approximately 10 minutes, designed to prepare the body for physical activity by gradually increasing heart rate, enhancing blood flow to the muscles, and improving joint mobility. It begins with 2 minutes of breathing exercises, focusing on deep, diaphragmatic breaths to oxygenate the body and calm the nervous system. This is followed by arm circles for 2 minutes, performed in both forward and backward directions to mobilize the shoulder joints and activate the upper body muscles. Next, shoulder rotations are performed for 2 minutes to further loosen the shoulder girdle and engage the rotator cuff muscles, reducing the risk of strain during exercise. The routine continues with wall push-ups for 2 minutes, a low-impact movement that strengthens the chest, shoulders, and triceps without putting excessive stress on the joints. This is followed by knee push-ups for 1 minute, which provide a modified upper-body strengthening activity suitable for beginners or those with limited strength. Finally, a plank hold for 1 minute engages the core, back, and shoulder stabilizers, helping improve postural control and core activation before moving into the main exercise session. After the workout, a 10-minute cool-down routine is performed to help the body transition to a resting state and to promote recovery. The cool-down begins with static stretching for 5 minutes. |
|
|
Inclusion Criteria
|
| Age From |
18.00 Year(s) |
| Age To |
25.00 Year(s) |
| Gender |
Both |
| Details |
1)Age 18 to 25 years
2)Either gender
3)A healthy individual
4)BMI between 18.5 to 29.9 kg/m²
5)Willing to participate
|
|
| ExclusionCriteria |
| Details |
1)pre-existing cardiovascular, neurological, and respiratory conditions
2)Recent surgery (mainly upper extremity)
3)Recent fracture and other musculoskeletal conditions
4)Deformities
5)Individuals engaged in strength training and professional sports
6)Underweight: BMI less than 18.5 kg/m²
7)Obese: BMI greater than or equal to 30kg/m²
8)Lack of compliance |
|
|
Method of Generating Random Sequence
|
Coin toss, Lottery, toss of dice, shuffling cards etc |
|
Method of Concealment
|
Sequentially numbered, sealed, opaque envelopes |
|
Blinding/Masking
|
Participant Blinded |
|
Primary Outcome
|
| Outcome |
TimePoints |
| push-pull dynamometer, double leg lowering test, curl cup test, sorensen test. |
The push-pull dynamometer at (Baseline and after 8 weeks) it measures upper limb isometric strength. The double leg lowering test at (Baseline and after 8 weeks) it assesses lower abdominal control, while the curl-up test at (Baseline and after 8 weeks) checks abdominal muscle endurance. The Sorensen test at (Baseline and after 8 weeks) it evaluates back extensor endurance. |
|
|
Secondary Outcome
|
| Outcome |
TimePoints |
| oxidative stress & Heart rate variability |
Superoxide dismutase (SOD), (at Baseline & after 8 weeks) total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), (at Baseline & after 8 weeks) & malondialdehyde (MDA) are biomarkers used to assess oxidative stress levels (at Baseline & after 8 weeks) Heart rate variability (HRV) measures autonomic balance (at Baseline & after 8 weeks) |
|
|
Target Sample Size
|
Total Sample Size="76"
Sample Size from India="76"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (Total)= "Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (India)="Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials" |
|
Phase of Trial
|
Phase 4 |
|
Date of First Enrollment (India)
|
21/09/2025 |
| Date of Study Completion (India) |
Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials |
| Date of First Enrollment (Global) |
Date Missing |
| Date of Study Completion (Global) |
Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials |
|
Estimated Duration of Trial
|
Years="1"
Months="0"
Days="0" |
|
Recruitment Status of Trial (Global)
|
Not Applicable |
| Recruitment Status of Trial (India) |
Not Yet Recruiting |
|
Publication Details
|
N/A |
|
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement
|
Will individual participant data (IPD) be shared publicly (including data dictionaries)?
Response - NO
|
|
Brief Summary
|
A Study to Determine the Effects of Standard Push-Ups Versus Dand Exercise on Core and Upper Extremity Strength, Oxidative Stress Markers, and Autonomic Balance in Healthy Young Individuals This cohort study aims to compare the effects of standard push-ups and traditional Dand on muscle strength, oxidative stress markers, and autonomic balance in healthy individuals aged 18 to 25 years. Seventy-six participants from SDM College of Physiotherapy will be recruited based on specific inclusion criteria and allocated into two groups: Group A (Standard Push-Ups) and Group B (Dand Exercise) through randomization using the fishbowl method. Both groups will undergo an 8-week intervention, performed three times per week. Group A will follow a structured standard push-up protocol with progressive repetitions. Group B will perform Dand exercises under the supervision of a certified yoga therapist, following a progressively challenging format. Prior to starting the sessions, all participants will complete a 10-minute warm-up and conclude with a cool-down to prevent injuries. Pre- and post-intervention assessments will include evaluation of upper extremity strength using a push-pull dynamometer and core strength using the Sorensen test, curl-up test, and double leg lowering test. Blood samples will be taken to analyze oxidative stress markers—Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC). Heart Rate Variability (HRV) will be measured using a two-channel device to assess autonomic nervous system balance. This study will help explore and document the physiological changes produced by a traditional Indian exercise method in comparison to a commonly practiced modern alternative. The findings will be useful for integrating Traditional and contemporary approaches to physical fitness and wellness. |