Background - Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative joint disease causing pain, swelling, and reduced function, especially in adults aged 30–65. It is the most prevalent form of osteoarthritis globally and a leading cause of disability. Diagnosis often involves radiographic evaluation of joint space narrowing and osteophyte formation, with methods like digital caliper measurements.Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy (PEMF) is emerging as a safe, non-invasive, and effective treatment for KOA. It helps reduce inflammation, preserve joint structures, and improve physical function, and is supported by European and Dutch clinical guidelines for conditional use.VMO weakness is common in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and often appears before pain. It plays a key role in patellar stability due to its oblique alignment and medial pull. Studies show that painful knees have reduced quadriceps mass, especially in the VMO, while other thigh muscles remain unaffected. Therefore, rehabilitation often targets the VMO to restore joint mechanics and improve knee function.

Objective- 

To check effect of PEMF therapy on pain, stiffness and physical function of  OA patients in Indian population. and To check how PEMF therapy combined with VMO strengthening exercises will be beneficial for patients with OA.