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CTRI Number  CTRI/2025/06/089389 [Registered on: 23/06/2025] Trial Registered Prospectively
Last Modified On: 20/06/2025
Post Graduate Thesis  Yes 
Type of Trial  Interventional 
Type of Study   Physiotherapy (Not Including YOGA) 
Study Design  Randomized, Parallel Group Trial 
Public Title of Study   Exploring the Role of Feedback Timing on Balance Skill Learning in Young versus Older Adults  
Scientific Title of Study   Effect Of Concurrent Feedback Frequencies on Motor Learning in Postural Control Task Among Different Age Groups 
Trial Acronym  Nil 
Secondary IDs if Any  
Secondary ID  Identifier 
NIL  NIL 
 
Details of Principal Investigator or overall Trial Coordinator (multi-center study)  
Name  Nabiyah Sajjad 
Designation  Post Graduate Scholar 
Affiliation  Jamia Hamdard 
Address  Room No.9, Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Physiotherapy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi

South
DELHI
110062
India 
Phone  9528856866  
Fax    
Email  nabiyasjd@gmail.com  
 
Details of Contact Person
Scientific Query
 
Name  Prachi Tiwari 
Designation  Assistant Professor 
Affiliation  Jamia Hamdard 
Address  Room No.543, 5th Floor, Central Library Building, Department of Physiotherapy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi

South
DELHI
110062
India 
Phone  9811644726  
Fax    
Email  prachi.tiwari@jamiahamdard.ac.in  
 
Details of Contact Person
Public Query
 
Name  Prachi Tiwari 
Designation  Assistant Professor 
Affiliation  Jamia Hamdard 
Address  Room No.543, 5th Floor, Central Library Building, Department of Physiotherapy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi


DELHI
110062
India 
Phone  9811644726  
Fax    
Email  prachi.tiwari@jamiahamdard.ac.in  
 
Source of Monetary or Material Support  
Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi - 110062 
 
Primary Sponsor  
Name  Jamia Hamdard 
Address  Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi - 110062 
Type of Sponsor  Research institution and hospital 
 
Details of Secondary Sponsor  
Name  Address 
NIL  NIL 
 
Countries of Recruitment     India  
Sites of Study  
No of Sites = 1  
Name of Principal Investigator  Name of Site  Site Address  Phone/Fax/Email 
Dr Prachi Tiwari  Jamia Hamdard  Room No.9, Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Physiotherapy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi
South
DELHI 
9811644726

prachi.tiwari@jamiahamdard.ac.in 
 
Details of Ethics Committee  
No of Ethics Committees= 1  
Name of Committee  Approval Status 
Jamia Hamdard Institutional Ethical Committee  Approved 
 
Regulatory Clearance Status from DCGI  
Status 
Not Applicable 
 
Health Condition / Problems Studied  
Health Type  Condition 
Healthy Human Volunteers  Static Balance and Dynamic Balance 
 
Intervention / Comparator Agent  
Type  Name  Details 
Intervention  Concurrent Feedback  The experimental task was designed to assess postural control using visual biofeedback. Participants were instructed to stand barefoot on a standardized force platform in a bipedal stance with their feet shoulder-width apart. The center of pressure was monitored during each trial. Each trial lasted 30 seconds, with 30 second rest intervals between trials to avoid fatigue. A visual fixation point was displayed 1 meter in front of the participants at eye level. Consistent foot placement was ensured using floor markers, and participants were instructed to maintain their arms by their sides throughout the task. The Concurrent Feedback Group received continuous visual feedback during all training trials.  
Comparator Agent  Control  The Control Group performed the task with no feedback, focusing only on the fixation point. 
Comparator Agent  Intermittent Feedback  The experimental task was designed to assess postural control using visual biofeedback. Participants were instructed to stand barefoot on a standardized force platform in a bipedal stance with their feet shoulder-width apart. The center of pressure was monitored during each trial. Each trial lasted 30 seconds, with 30 second rest intervals between trials to avoid fatigue. A visual fixation point was displayed 1 meter in front of the participants at eye level. Consistent foot placement was ensured using floor markers, and participants were instructed to maintain their arms by their sides throughout the task. The Intermittent Feedback Group received visual feedback during 8 out of the 12 trials. 
 
Inclusion Criteria  
Age From  18.00 Year(s)
Age To  30.00 Year(s)
Gender  Both 
Details  1.Subjects had no history of injury within the past six months.
2. Both male and female subjects.
3. Subjects with a body mass index ranging from 18.5 to 24.9 kilogram per meter square.
5. Subjects are able to comprehend instructions and successfully complete the testing protocol.
 
 
ExclusionCriteria 
Details  1.Subjects with a recent episode of concussion/ traumatic brain injury.
2.Subjects with a diagnosed cervical radiculopathy or any nerve root involvement.
3.Subjects with a history of osteoporosis.
4.Subjects having undergone neck surgery during the past twelve months.
5.Subjects with uncontrolled diabetes with and without peripheral neuropathy.
6.Subjects with diagnosed vestibular, balance impairments.
7.Recent history of injury or trauma to the upper limb.
8.Subjects having any drug abuse.
 
 
Method of Generating Random Sequence   Computer generated randomization 
Method of Concealment   Sequentially numbered, sealed, opaque envelopes 
Blinding/Masking   Participant Blinded 
Primary Outcome  
Outcome  TimePoints 
Centre of Pressure, Limit of Stability  Baseline, After Intervention, After 24 hours 
 
Secondary Outcome  
Outcome  TimePoints 
Nil  Nil 
 
Target Sample Size   Total Sample Size="90"
Sample Size from India="90" 
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (Total)= "Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (India)="Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials" 
Phase of Trial   N/A 
Date of First Enrollment (India)   04/07/2025 
Date of Study Completion (India) Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials 
Date of First Enrollment (Global)  Date Missing 
Date of Study Completion (Global) Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials 
Estimated Duration of Trial   Years="0"
Months="6"
Days="0" 
Recruitment Status of Trial (Global)   Not Yet Recruiting 
Recruitment Status of Trial (India)  Not Yet Recruiting 
Publication Details   N/A 
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement

Will individual participant data (IPD) be shared publicly (including data dictionaries)?  

Response - NO
Brief Summary  

Following the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of ninety participants will be selected using a convenience sampling technique. Prior to participation, each individual will receive a detailed verbal and written explanation regarding the objectives, methodology, potential benefits, and anticipated risks of the study. Written informed consent will be obtained from all eligible volunteers in accordance with ethical research standards. Participants will then be allocated into groups based on their age—either 18–24 years or 25–30 years—and further assigned to experimental or control conditions according to the visual feedback frequency they will receive. The experimental conditions will consist of two types of concurrent visual feedback: 100% feedback (provided after every trial) and 67% feedback (provided in two out of every three trials). These feedback frequencies will be selected based on established principles in motor learning research, where reduced frequency has been shown to facilitate better retention and autonomous control (8,28). The control group will receive no feedback (0%).

Each participant will attend the research laboratory for two consecutive days. On the first day, demographic and anthropometric data, including age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI), will be recorded. Participants will then undergo a pre-test consisting of a standardized postural control task, followed by a structured training session under their assigned feedback condition. Immediately after the training, a post-test will be administered using the same task protocol to assess immediate learning effects. On the second day, approximately 24 hours later, participants will return for a retention test using the same setup to evaluate the consolidation and retention of motor learning. The primary outcome measure will be the Center of Pressure (CoP) excursion, which will be recorded through a force platform or equivalent system, with performance being evaluated across the pre-test, post-test, and retention phases. All sessions will be conducted under standardized conditions, and participants will receive consistent instructions to ensure reliability and control of confounding variables throughout the study.

 
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