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CTRI Number  CTRI/2025/07/090238 [Registered on: 04/07/2025] Trial Registered Prospectively
Last Modified On: 20/06/2025
Post Graduate Thesis  No 
Type of Trial  Observational 
Type of Study   Cohort Study 
Study Design  Other 
Public Title of Study   Understanding Brain patterns during meditation in trained Yoga Practitioners. 
Scientific Title of Study   Exploring Meditative States in Accomplished Yogis: A Multi-center EEG Neurophenomenological Study  
Trial Acronym  NIL 
Secondary IDs if Any  
Secondary ID  Identifier 
NIL  NIL 
 
Details of Principal Investigator or overall Trial Coordinator (multi-center study)  
Name  Dr N K Venkataramana 
Designation  Principal Investigator 
Affiliation  Brains Super Speciality Hospital 
Address  192,T Mariyappa Road, Lalbagh Siddapura Rd, Jayanagar 1st Block, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560011

Bangalore
KARNATAKA
560011
India 
Phone  9900221163  
Fax    
Email  drnkvr@brains.org.in  
 
Details of Contact Person
Scientific Query  
Name  Dr N K Venkataramana 
Designation  Principal Investigator 
Affiliation  Brains Super Speciality Hospital 
Address  192,T Mariyappa Road, Lalbagh Siddapura Rd, Jayanagar 1st Block, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560011


KARNATAKA
560011
India 
Phone  9900221163  
Fax    
Email  drnkvr@brains.org.in  
 
Details of Contact Person
Public Query  
Name  Dr N K Venkataramana 
Designation  Principal Investigator 
Affiliation  Brains Super Speciality Hospital 
Address  192,T Mariyappa Road, Lalbagh Siddapura Rd, Jayanagar 1st Block, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560011


KARNATAKA
560011
India 
Phone  9900221163  
Fax    
Email  drnkvr@brains.org.in  
 
Source of Monetary or Material Support  
Brains Super Speciality Hospital 192,T Mariyappa Road, Lalbagh, Siddapura, Jayanagar 1st Block, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. 560011 
 
Primary Sponsor  
Name  Dr N K Venkataramana 
Address  Room No.10,192, T Mariyappa Road, Lalbagh, Siddapura, Jayanagar 1st Block, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 560011 
Type of Sponsor  Private hospital/clinic 
 
Details of Secondary Sponsor  
Name  Address 
NIL  NIL 
 
Countries of Recruitment     India  
Sites of Study  
No of Sites = 1  
Name of Principal Investigator  Name of Site  Site Address  Phone/Fax/Email 
Dr N K Venkataramana  Brains Super Speciality Hospital  192, T Mariyappa Road, Lalbagh Siddapura Rd, Jayanagar 1st Block, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560011
Bangalore
KARNATAKA 		 9900221163

drnkvr@brains.org.in 
 
Details of Ethics Committee  
No of Ethics Committees= 1  
Name of Committee  Approval Status 
Institutional Ethics Committee-BRAINS  Approved 
 
Regulatory Clearance Status from DCGI  
Status 
Not Applicable 
 
Health Condition / Problems Studied  
Health Type  Condition 
Healthy Human Volunteers  Healthy Human Volunteers 
 
Intervention / Comparator Agent  
Type  Name  Details 
Comparator Agent  NIL  NIL 
Intervention  NIL  NIL 
 
Inclusion Criteria  
Age From  18.00 Year(s)
Age To  99.00 Year(s)
Gender  Both 
Details  Inclusion Criteria
To be eligible for participation, individuals must meet the following criteria:
Age: Participants must be over 18 years of age.
Yoga and Meditation Experience: Participants should possess a minimum of 20 years
of cumulative experience in the practice of yoga, which includes any combination of
aasana, pranayama, meditation, and mantra chanting.
Volitional Attainment of Distinct States of Consciousness: Participants must believe
that they are capable of volitionally attaining a state of distinct consciousness, such as
samadhi or jnana, through meditation.
Willingness to Demonstrate State: Participants should express interest and willingness
to demonstrate the aforementioned state during the EEG experiment. 
 
ExclusionCriteria 
Details  Exclusion Criteria

Participants will be excluded from the study if they do not meet one or more inclusion criteria.

Exhibit any health issues or contraindications identified during the medical screening
conducted before the experiment.  
 
Method of Generating Random Sequence   Not Applicable 
Method of Concealment   Not Applicable 
Blinding/Masking   Not Applicable 
Primary Outcome  
Outcome  TimePoints 
1.Identification of physiologically distinct States of consciousness using EEG, heart rate, and breathing rate measurements.
2.Quantification of subjective experience and triangulation with awareness of surroundings.
3.Neuro-phenomenological understanding of meditative states
4. Data and journal publication  		 1.Screening Questionnaire and Survey in 60 mins.
2.EEG Session approx. 140 minutes each including health screening, experiment, and setup time.  
 
Secondary Outcome  
Outcome  TimePoints 
NIL  NIL 
 
Target Sample Size   Total Sample Size="60"
Sample Size from India="60" 
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (Total)= "Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (India)="Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials" 
Phase of Trial   N/A 
Date of First Enrollment (India)   07/07/2025 
Date of Study Completion (India) Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials 
Date of First Enrollment (Global)  Date Missing 
Date of Study Completion (Global) Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials 
Estimated Duration of Trial   Years="0"
Months="6"
Days="0" 
Recruitment Status of Trial (Global)   Not Applicable 
Recruitment Status of Trial (India)  Not Yet Recruiting 
Publication Details   N/A 
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement

Will individual participant data (IPD) be shared publicly (including data dictionaries)?  

Response - NO
Brief Summary  
The study is an endeavor to advance our understanding of the nature of consciousness and its neurophysiological underpinnings by obtaining the EEG signatures of an extremely accomplished yogi during meditation. The experiment involves non-invasive EEG and respiration measurements. There is no intervention in this study. All measures will be taken to ensure the safety and well-being of the participants.

The study explores the possibility of the existence of physiologically distinct states of consciousness using EEG (Electroencephalogram), heart rate, and breathing rate measurements during advanced meditation states of accomplished yogis, as compared to the physiological states observed in normal healthy individuals. The study phenomenologically quantifies the Yogi’s subjective experience in such deep meditative states, including that of awareness of the surrounding environment.

The study will obtain neurophysiological fingerprints of different meditative states of a Yogi and correlate them with the Yogi’s subjective experiences.

 
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