Oral leukoplakia is the most common premalignant lesion of the oral mucosa and is defined as a lesion which has a white patch or plaque appearance on the oral mucosa that cannot be removed by scrapping and classified clinically or microscopically as another disease entity. The Various etiological factors for the occurrence of oral leukoplakia such as tobacco, alcohol, viral infection, candidiasis, chronic irritation associated with denture and cheek biting etc. Histopathological diagnosis criteria for leukoplakia range from simple epithelial hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis to epithelial dysplasia of variable severity. Treatment of oral leukoplakia consists of conventional surgical excision, topical and systemic medication, laser surgery, and even conservative approaches.

New technologies and improvements in surgical procedure and especially in laser surgery prove less invasive and more comfortable for patients. The use of CO₂ laser is becoming increasingly common in the treatment of oral leukoplakia. Soft tissues can be superficially removed by evaporation with minimal thermal damage to adjacent tissue, which results in minimal tendency to scar and little postoperative pain and edema.