Gingival depigmentation is a periodontal plastic procedure aimed at the removal of melanocytic pigmentation, utilizing various methods such as surgical scraping and electrosurgery. Among these options, the microneedling (MN) technique has emerged as a minimally invasive approach that enhances collagen regeneration through the creation of micro-perforations in the tissue, facilitating improved penetration of topically applied therapeutic agents. 

Niacinamide, an amide derivative of vitamin B3, is recognized for its skin-lightening properties, particularly in the context of treating cutaneous pigmentation. Its mechanism of action involves the suppression of melanosome transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes, thereby reducing pigmentation.

While numerous clinical investigations have evaluated the efficacy of the MN technique for pigmentation treatment and skin rejuvenation, there is a notable paucity of dental studies addressing its effects within the oral cavity. In light of this gap in the literature, the present study employs the MN technique for the treatment of gingival pigmentation in conjunction with the topical application of niacinamide as a depigmenting agent. This dual approach aims to assess the potential benefits of combining these methodologies in the context of oral pigmentation management.