PRIMARY OBJECTIVES

Total amount of intra operative analgesic requirement ( iv fentanyl -mcg/kg)in patients receiving the block compared to controls receiving parenteral analgesics .

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE

1)Time to first rescue analgesic (iv ketorolac) (mins/hrs)

2) Post operative analgesic requirement (upto 24hrs)

3) Intra operative and post operative hemodynamics(Heart rate, Mean arterial pressure, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure, Oxygen saturation)

4) Adverse events if any

INCLUSION CRITERIA 

●Age -18 to 65 years of age

●Patients posted exclusively for maxillary surgeries

●Patients giving consent

●ASA PS 1 and 2 

 

EXCLUSION CRITERIA 

●Patients with hemangioma or vascular tumours around the injection site 

●Patients with any local site infection

●Patients with deranged coagulation profile 

●Patients with decreased IQ or Mental retardation 

●Patients with local anesthetic allergy or contraindication to any of the study drugs

●Patients with difficult anatomy around the injection site (eg :Tmj Ankylosis)

All the selected patients will undergo a routine pre-anesthetic assessment one day prior to surgery. Patients will also be made familiar with the NRS scoring system. The patient information sheet will be provided to all, and informed written consent from all patients will be obtained. 

Standard fasting guidelines(WHO) will be followed for all patients.

In the operating room, standard monitoring will be done as per Anesthesiologists’(ASA) recommendation (3-Lead ECG, pulse oximetry,NIBP)will be initiated and baseline vitals -Heart rate (HR), systolic BP (BP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) will be recorded.An 18G intravenous cannula will be secured preoperatively.Patients will be placed in a supine position with their heads elevated with a pillow approximately 15 degrees.Baseline vitals will be recorded. Preoxygenation will be done with FiO2 100% and flow of 5L/min till the end tidal oxygen fraction is higher than 90% induction with intravenous (IV) Fentanyl 2mcg/Kg, followed by IV Propofol 2mg/Kg will be done followed by nasotracheal intubation with appropriate size endotracheal tube.IV Atracurium at a dose of 0.5mg/Kg will be given as relaxant and timer will be started accordingly. Patients belonging to both groups received standard general anesthesia.

INTERVENTION-

Group C(Control group)- will receive parenteral analgesics ( IV acetaminophen, fentanyl 0.5mcg/kg)

Group I(Intervention group)- will receive by suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block under USG guidance with 

0.25% bupivacaine + clonidine 1mcg/kg and parenteral analgesics (IV acetaminophen, fentanyl0.5 mcg/kg)

During intraoperative period, iv fentanyl will be given as rescue analgesic whenever Heart rate and Systolic Blood Pressure rise more than 20 percent of baseline values , after ensuring adequate muscle relaxation. 

Patients will be maintained with mixture of oxygen and Air(50:50) with isoflurane with a MAC of 0.8-1.0 .

All patients will receive IV dexamethasone as 0.2mg/kg for prevention of intra oral edema which is a standard protocol of our Institute. 

Reversal of anaesthesia (with neostigmine and glycopyrrolate)will be as per standard protocol. 

POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD:

Patients will be managed in the post operative care unit (PACU) where the standard monitoring of oxygen saturation (SpO2), Heart rate (HR) and non invasive blood pressure monitoring will be done every 10 minutes till 2 hours being shifted to ward and postoperative outcomes are simultaneously assessed.