As per Unani literature haemorrhoid i s known a s "Bawaseer". Bawaseer is

pleural o f basoor which means warts o r polyp like swelling. I t i s a n excessive

growth at the mouth of vessels present in anus which forms due t o ghaleez khilt

-e-sauda." According to Majoosi, Bawaseer is an excessive growth at mouth of

vessels present i n anus. 12 Whereas Ibn Hubal Baghdadi described that the

formation o f Bawaseer indicates t h a t t h e morbid viscid humour (ghaleez

akhalat) is present in the body. 3

Classification: Bawäsir h a s been classified in three ways:

1. According to shape 2.According t o site 3.According t o presence or absence

of bleeding

A. According to Shape:

1. Sulüli: polyps in shape of Adasiya (lentil) or Himmasiya (gram) 2. ’Inabiyya:

shape of the polyp resembles with grapes 3 . Tuti: polyp resembles with the

shape of mulberry 4. Naffäkhi: polyps resemble with the shape of small bubble

5. Nakhli: Vessels of the polyps are spread like the branches and roots of date

tree 6. Tini: Shape of the polyps is flat and round similar to that of Injir (fig) 7.

Tamri: Shape of the polyps is similar to shape of date i.e. long and oval

B.According t o Site: These are of three types: 1. Bawäsir-e-ghaira (internal

piles): haemorrhoidal lesions are deep seated with bleeding and slight pain. 2.

Bawäsir-e-zahira (external piles): haemorrhoidal lesions are located out-side

anal verge and can b e s e e n externally. It i s very painful b u t with scanty

bleeding. It may be Sulüli, ’Inabi or Tüti. 3. Mukhtalit Bawäsir (intro-external

piles): it is mixed o f above two type of Bawäsir marked with severe pain and

profuse rectal bleed!

C.According t o Bleeding: There a r e two types: 1. Bawäsir Damiya o r khunt 

B a w a s t r bleeding piles): there is bleeding and yellowish watery discharge from anus. 2.

Bawäsir Ummiya: there is no bleeding. Only yellowish watery discharge is seen

coming out of anus."

Unani physicians described t h a t t h e khilt-e-sauda i s responsible for this

disease. The pathophysiology o f haemorrhoids i s t h e morbid khilt-e-sauda

which starts t o precipitate in t h e liver a n d pushes towards t h e Ano-rectal

vessels, where it accumulates and leads to formation of haemorrhoids. 

The basic principle of management of haemorrhoids is Izale-sabab (elimination

of cause) that means avoid the food (diet) which forms khilt-e-sauda in body,

Tanqiya-e-ma’dda (evacuation of morbid matter) through venesection, cupping

a n d laxatives. Other m e t h o d s which c a n b e u s e d f o r t h e treatment of

haemorrhoids include correction o f liver, intestine, stomach a n d spleen

because haemorrhoids can never form without Su-e-mizaj of these organs. ",

In Unani system of medicine the drugs used in the treatment of haemorrhoids

should have following properties like Habis-ud-dam (Haemostatic), Mullayin

(Laxative), Muhallille Warm (Anti Inflamatory), Mujaffif (Desiccative), Mudammil

(Healing property), and Musakkin-e-alam (Analgesic)  

Based on above principle mentioned intervention is being evaluated for its efficacy in the management of internal haemorrhoids