India is an agriculture based country, where 20% of  total population lives in urban areas where as rest 80% living in rural. As it is developing country, where most of the population rely on manual labor either for agriculture or construction and such other means of livelihood. Due to poor protective measures, ignorance, negligence and poor economic status, chances of developing foot and palm lesions are quite high, most common lesion which is seen in feet is corn .The incidence of corns on the feet has been reported to be ranging anywhere from 14% to 48%. They have been reported to affect older age groups with a slight female predominance due to wearing narrow shoes. The elderly are also subject to loss of the protective fat pad cushioning, called fat pad atrophy, which can increase the incidence of painful corn. Corn is localized hyperkeratosis of the skin, it usually occurs at the sites of pressure e.g. on sole and toes. There is usually a horny induration of the cuticle with a hard centre. Corn may be painful particularly when it is rubbed. A corn has deep central core which reaches the deeper layers of dermis.

Acharya Sushruta has explained 44 types of Kshudra Rogas in Nidana Sthana, in which Kadara is one, that is caused due to injury by Sharkaraadi (soil, pebble, stone) or Kanthaka (thorn prick) while walking. This leads to aggravation of Dosha, and these Doshas  flow through Meda and Rakta, giving rise to Granthi (tubercle), which is Sakeela Kathina  (hard like a bolt) , Nimna Madhya Unnata (depressed at the edges and elevated in middle) of feet ,of the size of Kola (jujuba fruit)  having pain and exudation.

           Acharya Sushruta in Chikitsasthana explained about Kadara Chikitsa in Kshudra Roga Chikitsa Adhaya where he mentioned Utkartna followed by Sneha Dahana. Acharya Sushruta in Kshara Pakavidhi Adhyaya explained its benefits on various Twak Vikara including Kshudra Rogas. Kshara is mentioned as Pradhana as compared to Shastra and Anushastra by its properties of Chedana, Bhedana, Lekhana Karma. Further Pratisarneeya  Kshara is indicated in Twakagata Vikara.While in the context of Agnikarmavidhi Adhyaya, Acharya Sushruta explained that Agni Karma is more effective than Kshara Karma because of its Apunarbhava quality, and the Rogas which cannot be managed by Aushadhi, Shastra and Kshara Karma can be managed by Agnikarma. Various Dahanopakarana are mentioned as per the Dhatu involvement, where Sneha can be used for Sira Snayugata Roga’s. Acharya Charaka in Grahani Chikitsa Adhyaya explained about Dhatu and Upadhatu where he mentions Sira, Khandara as Upadhatu of Rakta and Snayu as Upadhatu of Meda. As in Kadara, Meda and Rakta are vitiated Snehadahana can be considered. 

In allied science conservative measures for management of corn are salicylic acid in collodion on successive nights may be applied or central local applications have been effective such as carnation cap. Corn has tendency to recur. Preventive measures such as using soft shoes or soft pads at pressure point of the sole. If preventive measures fail and corn is painful, it should be excised with particular care to take off the deep root of the central core. This often prevents reccurence.

Acharya Sushruta explains the management of Kadara by Utkartana followed by Sneha Dahana. Acharya Sushruta explained Tilataila qualities as  Ushna, Vyavayi, Sukshma, Vishada, Vikasi, Twakprasadana .Hence Tilataila is taken as Sneha Dravya for the Dahanakarma at Kadara site.

  Acharya Bhavaprakasha explained the Rasa of Apamarga as Katu, Tikta; Tikshna Gunatmaka; Ushna Virya; Katu Vipaka; Kapha Vatahara, Shoolahara, Medohara,  Vranhita and Twachya in action.By the previous research works Apamarga Pratisarneeya Kshara is taken as standard for the study. 

The procedure can be carried on OPD basis. There is no creation of wound, hence  needs no anaesthesia, antibiotics and analgesics. The procedure will not hamper individuals routine activities and the time taken by Agnikarma or Ksharakarma in corn management is minimal when compared to the wound healing rate which ranges from few weeks to month after excision. 

         Hence the present study is undertaken to compare the efficacy of Agnikarma with Tilataila and  Ksharakarma with Apamarga Pratisarneeya Kshara in the management of Kadara with special reference to Corn .”