Femoral head osteonecrosis (FHO) is a condition where the disruption of blood supply to the femoral head leads to bone death and collapse. It can result in pain, stiffness, and disability in children and adolescents. The etiology of FHO in children is diverse and includes trauma, infection, sickle cell disease, steroid use, and idiopathic factors. The treatment of FHO in children aims to preserve the femoral head shape and function and prevent or delay the need for hip replacement. One of the common surgical treatments for FHO in children is core decompression, which involves drilling a hole into the femoral head to relieve pressure and improve blood flow. Core decompression can be combined with other techniques, such as bone grafting, bone morphogenetic protein, or bone marrow concentrate aspirate (BMCA).

Non traumatic FHO- due to various etiology including SCD, other haematological conditions and children on steroid treatment, will be included in the study, only after being diagnosed to have FHO by MRI.

The FHO in these children will be classified as per Steinberg classification which indicates severity of the disease process. Among these children only those femoral heads in the pre collapse stage (Stage I-III) will be included in the study.

Despite the difference in etiology and the disease specific challenges, since the disease pathology (FHO) is staged as per Steinberg I-III, the baseline status of osteonecrosis as per inclusion criteria is limited to pre collapse stage of FHO.

But, in some disease conditions, children who undergo intervention in our study may still continue their medical treatment, like steroids and potentially have an effect on the conclusions in our study.

Paediatric population diagnosed to have femoral head osteonecrosis by MRI will be included in the study. They will be screened by the applying inclusion criteria and allotted by consecutive sampling into Group A and Group B, after obtaining consent. In Group A, after pre anesthetic clearance, core decompression of the femoral head will be performed, whereas in Group B, patients will undergo core decompression of the femoral head followed by application of bone marrow aspirate concentrate obtained from the ipsilateral iliac crest. Patients in both groups will have evaluation of the functional parameters, using the quality of life, clinical scoring and radiographic parameters in the pre-operative, six months, one- and two-year postoperative periods. The demographic and anthropometric parameters and complications also will be recorded.

These parameters will be compared for the Group A and Group B patients, and the result obtained will be used to infer about the safety, efficacy and advantages of the interventions.