TITLE: Effect of Soleus muscle exercises and aerobic exercises in gait speed, endurance and glycated hemoglobin on pre-diabetics

INTRODUCTION: Pre-diabetes is a significant public health concern, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that do not yet meet the criteria for diabetes. Lifestyle modification based on exercise intervention is still the primary way to delay or reverse the development of diabetes in patients with prediabetes. However, there are still challenges in setting up a detailed exercise prescription for people with prediabetes. 

RATIONALE: Prediabetes is a high-risk state for diabetes. Therefore, prediabetes is subject to early intervention to mitigate some of the potential consequences of developing diabetes. Various studies have demonstrated that lifestyle modification and pharmacological interventions play a significant role in delaying the progression of prediabetes to diabetes. Moreover, the choice of pharmacological interventions appears to put patients at higher risk. Therefore, lifestyle is currently the intervention of choice for prediabetes. As an essential component of lifestyle interventions, exercise interventions have been shown to aid the benign regression of prediabetes. Moreover, evidence has shown improvement in prediabetes with aerobic and resistance exercises, but the study has not been done for the individual muscle training as soleus muscles exercises.

AIM: To assess the impact of soleus muscle exercises and aerobic exercises on gait speed, endurance, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in pre-diabetic individuals.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of soleus muscle exercises on gait speed, endurance and glycated hemoglobin. To assess effect of aerobic exercises on gait speed, endurance and glycated hemoglobin. To assess the effect of soleus muscle exercises and aerobic exercises on gait speed, endurance and glycated hemoglobin. To compare effect of three groups

OUTCOME MEASURES: 1. Gait speed test - To assess walking speed in m/s. 2. 6-minute walk test - to assess endurance. 3. Glycated hemoglobin – To assess blood sugar level

PROTOCOL: The intervention is developed for group 1 will be given soleus muscles exercise for 6 weeks. Group 2 will be given aerobic exercises (heel digs, step touch, 1,2,3 tap, marching, walking kick, slide, grape vine, V box steps, jazz walk, shuffle back, lunges, step up and down, jumping jack) for 6 weeks and group 3 will be given aerobic and soleus muscle exercises for 6 weeks. Gait speed and endurance were assessed using a gait speed test and a six-minute walk test, respectively and glycated hemoglobin levels were measured. Above mentioned test will be performed before and after the intervention period. 

Key Words: Prediabetes, Solus muscle exercises and aerobic exercises,