NEED OF STUDY

   Low back pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition globally considered a primary cause of years lived with disability It imposes a significant economic burden due to healthcare expenses reduced productivity, insurance costs, and sick leave. 

Non-specific low back pain is discomfort in the lower back without a clear identifiable cause and pathology.

Back school programs typically involve education and exercises aimed at improving back health and function. On the other hand, Swiss ball exercises are one of the dynamic exercises, and the main principle is to reduce low back pain by increasing muscle strength, endurance, balance, and flexibility of the trunk while the individual leans on the Swiss ball. Both the intervention emphasizes on strength flexibility and core and core activation but back school program include knowledge and awareness through counselling as well as managing psychosocial aspect of pain so here arises a need to find out whether managing patient as a whole creates a difference in outcome or not

Individually, both the Back School Program and Swiss Ball Stabilization Exercise have shown promise in reducing pain, improving flexibility, and enhancing functional capacity among individuals with NSLBP but there is a notable absence of research exploring the combined effects of these interventions.

However, a comparative assessment of these interventions is lacking in the current literature. Understanding the relative efficacy of these interventions is crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes and informing evidence-based practice in the management of NSLBP.  The proposed comparative study aims to address this gap by directly comparing the effects of the Back School Program and Swiss Ball Stabilization Exercise on pain, flexibility, and disability among individuals with NSLBP. By conducting a rigorous comparative analysis, the study seeks to elucidate whether one intervention is superior to the other or if both exercises are equally effective.