Facemask ventilation plays a crucial role in airway management, serving as

a routine procedure to guarantee sufficient oxygenation until the patient’s

airway can be securely established during the induction of anaesthesia.

Facemask ventilation carries potential risks, including inadequate alveolar

ventilation and gastric insufflation. Retention of carbon dioxide due to

inadequate ventilation causes acidosis which may lead to hypoxemia,

atelectasis, and inadequate depth of anaesthesia. Gastric insufflation (GI)

can cause gastric regurgitation, leading to aspiration.

One of the approaches to make mask ventilation safer in an unprotected

airway is to limit Peak Airway Pressure (PAP).

The entry of air into the stomach during positive pressure facemask

ventilation depends on the peak airway pressure, which is determined by a combination of variables related to the patient’s airway, lung condition, and facemask ventilation.

The relationship between PAP and lower oesophageal sphincter muscle tone is an important factor that can influence the entry of air into the stomach during facemask ventilation which might result in regurgitation and

subsequent pulmonary aspiration.

Manual ventilation (MV) is a commonly used facemask ventilation

technique during the induction of anaesthesia. The adjustable pressure

limiting valve (APL) is preferably set at < 20 cm H2O during MV in adults

in order to prevent Gastric Insufflation.

Thus, this study will compare the effects of Volume Control

Ventilation and Manual Ventilation on the airway dynamics such

as Peak Airway Pressure and End Tidal CO2, during induction of

general anaesthesia. In addition, incidence of Gastric Insufflation

between Volume Control Ventilation and Manual Ventilation,

during induction of general anaesthesia will also be studied.