Patients were assessed in the sitting position for airway parameters before being positioned supine. Vital signs, including blood pressure (BP), oxygen saturation (SaOâ‚‚), and heart rate, were recorded prior to sedation. All patients undergoing sedation were connected to a CAPNOSUCTION mask before administering sedatives.

Sedation Protocol:

An initial intravenous dose of 1 mg midazolam ,loading dose of dexmedetomidine 0.5-1mcg/kg over 20mins was followed by 1% propofol adjusted to body weight, age, and comorbidities (40 mg for <70 kg, 60 mg for ≥70 kg, or 20 mg for elderly or comorbid patients). Additional 10–20 mg doses of propofol were administered as needed.

Monitoring:

Patients were continuously monitored for respiratory and cardiovascular parameters. Heart rate, pulse oximetry, and ECG changes were assessed, while BP was checked every 5 minutes. Capnography provided real-time assessments of ventilatory function via CO₂ waveforms and partial pressure (mmHg). Apnea was defined as exhaled CO₂ <8 mmHg for ≥15 seconds. Interventions for apnea or complications like oxygen desaturation (SaO₂ ≥5% below baseline), hypoxemia (SaO₂ <90%), hypotension (systolic BP <90 mmHg), or bradycardia (<50 bpm) included patient stimulation, withholding sedatives, airway maneuvers, or increased oxygen. Secretions were cleared through the mask’s secretion port.

After the procedure, monitoring was discontinued once patients responded verbally and vital signs stabilized. They were then transferred to recovery.