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CTRI Number  CTRI/2025/07/090757 [Registered on: 11/07/2025] Trial Registered Prospectively
Last Modified On: 10/07/2025
Post Graduate Thesis  Yes 
Type of Trial  Observational 
Type of Study   Cross Sectional Study 
Study Design  Other 
Public Title of Study   Normal values of various hand strengths in old people 
Scientific Title of Study   Normative values of hand grip and pinch grip strength in older adults - A cross sectional study 
Trial Acronym  NIIL 
Secondary IDs if Any  
Secondary ID  Identifier 
NIL  NIL 
 
Details of Principal Investigator or overall Trial Coordinator (multi-center study)  
Name  Dr Jhanvi Nitin Makwana  
Designation  Masters of Community Physiotherapy Student 
Affiliation  K J Somaiya College of Physiotherapy ; Sion 
Address  K J Somaiya College of Physiotherapy; Geriatric Health OPD number 25; Ayurvihar;Eastern Express Highway;Sion ; Mumbai ; Maharashtra ;400022

Mumbai
MAHARASHTRA
400022
India 
Phone  7506133130  
Fax    
Email  jhanvim.makwana@somaiya.edu  
 
Details of Contact Person
Scientific Query  
Name  Dr Mayur Revadkar  
Designation  Associate Professor  
Affiliation  K J Somaiya College of Physiotherapy ; Sion 
Address  K J Somaiya College of Physiotherapy; Geriatric Health OPD number 25; Ayurvihar;Eastern Express Highway;Sion ; Mumbai ; Maharashtra ;400022

Mumbai
MAHARASHTRA
400022
India 
Phone  9619581894  
Fax    
Email  mayur.kr@somaiya.edu  
 
Details of Contact Person
Public Query  
Name  Dr Mayur Revadkar  
Designation  Associate Professor  
Affiliation  K J Somaiya College of Physiotherapy ; Sion 
Address  K J Somaiya College of Physiotherapy; Geriatric Health OPD number 25; Ayurvihar;Eastern Express Highway;Sion ; Mumbai ; Maharashtra ;400022

Mumbai
MAHARASHTRA
400022
India 
Phone  9619581894  
Fax    
Email  mayur.kr@somaiya.edu  
 
Source of Monetary or Material Support  
NIL 
 
Primary Sponsor  
Name  K J Somaiya College of Physiotherapy;Sion  
Address  K J Somaiya College of Physiotherapy; Geriatric Health OPD number 25; Ayurvihar; Eastern Express Highway Sion; Mumbai;Maharashtra 400022 
Type of Sponsor  Research institution and hospital 
 
Details of Secondary Sponsor  
Name  Address 
NIL  NIL 
 
Countries of Recruitment     India  
Sites of Study  
No of Sites = 1  
Name of Principal Investigator  Name of Site  Site Address  Phone/Fax/Email 
Dr Jhanvi Nitin Makwana   K J Somaiya College of Physiotherapy   K J Somaiya College of Physiotherapy,Community Physiotherapy Geriatric Health ,OPD number 25 ;Ayurvihar Eastern Express Highway; Sion Mumbai; Maharashtra -400022
Mumbai
MAHARASHTRA 		 7506133130

jhanvim.makwana@somaiya.edu 
 
Details of Ethics Committee  
No of Ethics Committees= 1  
Name of Committee  Approval Status 
Institutional Ethics Committee K J Somaiya College of Physiotherapy   Approved 
 
Regulatory Clearance Status from DCGI  
Status 
Not Applicable 
 
Health Condition / Problems Studied  
Health Type  Condition 
Healthy Human Volunteers  Community dwelling elderly people in age group of 60 years and above  
 
Intervention / Comparator Agent  
Type  Name  Details 
 
Inclusion Criteria  
Age From  60.00 Year(s)
Age To  90.00 Year(s)
Gender  Both 
Details  Subjects who are willing to participate and from all genders with age 60 years and above and who fulfill fun or function category (measured by 30 second chair stand test) of slippery slope of aging 
 
ExclusionCriteria 
Details  1) History of trauma
2) Tingling and numbness in arm.
3)Pain in cervical spine, shoulder, wrist and hand
4)Any neurological complains (Stroke, Parkinson ) 
 
Method of Generating Random Sequence    
Method of Concealment    
Blinding/Masking    
Primary Outcome  
Outcome  TimePoints 
Handgrip strength will be assesed using JAMAR Hand Dynamometer and Pinch grip strength will be assesed using B and L Pinch Gauge  One time study 
 
Secondary Outcome  
Outcome  TimePoints 
Not applicable  Not applicable 
 
Target Sample Size   Total Sample Size="176"
Sample Size from India="176" 
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (Total)= "Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials"
Final Enrollment numbers achieved (India)="Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials" 
Phase of Trial   N/A 
Date of First Enrollment (India)   21/07/2025 
Date of Study Completion (India) Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials 
Date of First Enrollment (Global)  Date Missing 
Date of Study Completion (Global) Applicable only for Completed/Terminated trials 
Estimated Duration of Trial   Years="0"
Months="6"
Days="0" 
Recruitment Status of Trial (Global)   Not Applicable 
Recruitment Status of Trial (India)  Not Yet Recruiting 
Publication Details   N/A 
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement

Will individual participant data (IPD) be shared publicly (including data dictionaries)?  

Response - NO
Brief Summary   Approval is obtained from Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee .Informed consent will be obtained from all participants .

The subjects will be divided into following quota
According to age and gender
Young old (60-69 years)-60 (30 Males and 30 Females)
Middle old (70-79 years)-60 ( 30Males and 30 Females)
Older Old (80 years and above)-60 (30 Males and 30 Females)

Participants will be enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria
Screening for Inclusion Criteria.
30 Second Chair Stand test 
• A chair (without arm rest) will be placed against wall.
• Subject will be seated in middle of the chair with feet shoulder width apart flat on floor
• The arms will be crossed at wrist and held close to chest
• From sitting position subject will be asked to stand completely up and then sit completed down and this will be repeated for 30 seconds.
• The total number of complete chair stands will be calculated
• The functional category has following standard values for Chair

Fun (more than 15 repetitions)
Function (8-15 repetitions)
Frail (less than 8 repetitions)
Failure (Unable to perform the test.)

According to above mentioned criteria subjects who fit into Fun and
Function stage will be recruited for the study.

HAND GRIP STRENGTH
 Hand grip strength of the dominant hand will be measured with Jamar Hydraulic dynamometer. The American Society of Hand Therapist suggested a standardized position for the measurement of grip strength.
• They recommended that the subject should be seated on a chair without arm rest with his straight trunk and hip knee at 90°, shoulder adducted with no rotation, elbow flexed at 90°, forearm in neutral position and wrist in 0̊-30̊ of extension and 0̊to 15̊ of ulnar deviation.
• The arm should not be supported by the chair handle.
• To measure grip strength the dynamometer should be placed in hand vertically and in line with forearm.
• The handle of the dynamometer will be adjusted to second position (3.8 apart) for all subjects.
• Subject will be asked to squeeze the handle of the dynamometer as maximally as possible and then release.
• Three readings will be taken with 60 seconds rest period in between.
• The mean of three attempts will be calculated.

PINCH GRIP STRENGTH
Pinch grip strength of the dominant hand will be measured using Bernadette and Linda (B & L) Engineering Mechanical pinch gauge.
• The American Society of Hand Therapist suggested a standardized position for the measurement of Pinch strength
• They recommended that the subject should be seated on a chair without arm rest with his straight trunk and hip knee at 90°, shoulder adducted with no rotation, elbow flexed at 90°, forearm
in neutral position and wrist in 0ÌŠ-30ÌŠ of extension and 0ÌŠto 15ÌŠ of
ulnar deviation.
• The arm should not be supported by the chair handle.
• While taking each reading the therapist will stabilize the pinch gauge.
1. Two-point pinch / tip to tip pinch: Pinch strength will be measured between tip of thumb and tip of index finger. The thumb tip will be placed in front of index finger will on pinch gauge and readings will be taken.
2. Lateral pinch / key pinch: Pinch strength will be measured between radial side of index finger and thumb. The thumb pad will be placed against the lateral aspect of the middle phalanx if index finger and readings will be taken.
3. Three-point pinch / three jaw chunks / palmar pinch: Pinch strength will be measured between pulp of thumb and pulp of index finger and middle finger. The thumb pad will be placed in front of pads of index finger and middle finger.
• Subject will be instructed to pinch as hard as possible.
• Three readings will be taken with 60 seconds rest period in between and mean will be calculated. 

Data collected will be compiled on to a MS Office excel worksheet.
Descriptive statistics like frequency (n) and percentage (%) of categorical
data, mean and standard deviation of numerical data will be depicted.
Percentile wise score will be calculated for hand grip and pinch grip
strength using the following equation:
P= n/N*100
Where P is percentile score, n is number of data point below the data of
interest and N is total number of data points in the data set.
The data collected will be analyzed using MS Office excel.


 
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