Brief resume of intended work

NEED OF THE STUDY

Hemorrhoids also called piles are dilated plexus of superior hemorrhoidal veins within the anal canal in subepithelial region. ^[1][2]

It is one of the most common proctologic conditions in adults.^[27]

Although, hemorrhoids are a prevalent anorectal disease with greater socio-economic impact on quality of life of the patients, the epidemiological data is very limited as many patients do not reveal it or avoid seeking medical advice. According to National Institute of Health, the prevalence rate of hemorrhoid is 4.4 %, and approximately 50–86% individuals suffer from hemorrhoids globally. In India, hemorrhoid is reported to be 30–40% in the target population [31] almost 40 million people are reported to have hemorrhoids and one million new cases are reported annually at rate of 47 per 1000 people^.[33]

It is not selective for any age or sex^[1][5].

According to various unani and modern literature, sitz bath and local application of ointment having antihemorrhoidal properties are beneficial as a means of conservative treatment^{. [1][2][4][5][9][14][17]} Shab e Yamani and maazu having strong astringent, hemostatic, antiseptic and wound healing properties are recommended for this purpose. ^{[8][14][16][17][22][23][24][28]}

This study aims at evaluating the efficacy of Marham maazu and sitz bath containing Shab e Yamani, for their anti-hemorrhoidal properties, and to prevent further complication of hemorrhoids.

In the view of above facts, I would like to conduct a study on evaluating – “EFFICACY OF SITZ BATH  FOLLOWED BY APPLICATION OF MARHAM E MAAZU IN EARLY STAGES OF HEMORRHOIDS” in patients attending OPD of tahaffuzi wa samaji tib at Govt Nizamia General Hospital, Charminar, Hyderabad.

ABZAN [SITZ BATH]

Among the various treatments, abzan is a simple, economic, safe , noninvasive and effective external regimen for various diseases. ^[34]

It is type of bath in which the lower part of the body especially buttocks and hips are immersed into plain or medicated water. ^[21][35]

Various unani literature suggest using astringent drugs like shab e yamani ^[14] dissolved in water (aab e qaabiza) for sitz bath in hemorrhoids.^{[9][14][17][25][26]}

Shab e yamani ( aluminium hydroxide) is a mineral drug having mizaj garam and khushk. Its main properties are Qabiz, Habis ud dam, Musakkin, Mujaffif

Maazu (quercus infectoria) is  sard and khushk in mizaj . Its properties are Qabiz, Mujaffif,Habis ud dam and Dafe taffun. It  contains tannic acid and gallic acid, which makes it a potent astringent, hemostatic and antimicrobial agent, that benefits patients with hemorrhoids.^[22][23]

6.3

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

§  This study aims at evaluating the efficacy of sitz bath and application of Marham e maazu in early stages of hemorrhoids.

§  The objective of this study is to create awareness regarding prevention and management of hemorrhoids and improving the well-being and quality of life of patients having hemorrhoids.

7

MATERIALS AND METHODS

7.1

SOURCE OF DATA –

Patients attending OPD of tahaffuzi wa samaji tib at government Nizamia general hospital, Charminar Hyderabad.

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Female patients having uncomplicated hemorrhoids, of age 18-45 years.

External, interno external and  internal hemorrhoids [grade 1 and 2]

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

Patients who are not giving informed consent.

Pateints below 18 or above 45. Male patients.

  3^rd and 4^th degree hemorrhoids, Pregnancy , DM or any other rectal disease .

PARAMETERS FOR STUDY :

§  SUBJECTIVE PARAMETRS-

Patients complaining of rectal bleeding, rectal pain, rectal itching, mass per rectum , discomfort during defecation.

§  OBJECTIVE PARAMETERS-

The diagnosis is based on history taking and clinical examination.

STUDY DESIGN: An experimental - Single arm clinical study

SAMPLE SIZE: minimum 30

DURATION OF STUDY: 9 months

PROCEDURE OF STUDY:

This study will be conducted on 30 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria.

The subjects will be screened for pain intensity, defecation discomfort, anal itching, per rectal bleeding, change in size of external hemorrhoids using suitable scales. Subjects will be given shab e yamani to be used in sitz bath and marham e maazu for local application, twice daily.

Treatment will be given for 2 weeks and follow up will be done on 7^th, 14^th day and post treatment follow up will be done on 21^st day wherein subjects will be enquired for changes in their symptoms and will be clinically assessed.

The purpose of not using a control group or placebo is that the symptoms of hemorrhoids may further get complicated.

METHOD OF PREPATATION:

    MARHAM E MAAZU : 50 g of finely powdered maazu is to be mixed with 500g of Mom-Safed. It is then ground in mortar and pestle to render into an ointment and stored in glass container. ^[36]

    SUFOOF E SHAB E YAMANI :   Shab e yamani is roasted in iron pan at moderate heat. After it melts and dries down it is ground in mortar and pestle to achieve fine powder.^[28]

For the purpose of sitz bath , 20g of Shab e yamani is to be dissolved into 2L of lukewarm water in a tub and sit into it for 10-15 minutes twice daily, followed by local application of Marham e Maazu in sufficient quantity .

EVALUATION: Data will be analyzed statistically.